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Which of the following best describes the way in which statement coverage is measured?

A.
Measured as the number of decision outcomes executed by the tests, divided by the total number of decision outcomes in the test object.
A.
Measured as the number of decision outcomes executed by the tests, divided by the total number of decision outcomes in the test object.
Answers
B.
It is not possible to accurately measure statement coverage.
B.
It is not possible to accurately measure statement coverage.
Answers
C.
Measured as the number of statements executed by the tests, divided by the total number of executable statements in the code.
C.
Measured as the number of statements executed by the tests, divided by the total number of executable statements in the code.
Answers
D.
Measured as the number of lines of code executed by the test, divided by the total number of lines of code in the test object.
D.
Measured as the number of lines of code executed by the test, divided by the total number of lines of code in the test object.
Answers
Suggested answer: C

Explanation:

Statement coverage is a metric used in white-box testing that measures the percentage of executable statements in the code that have been executed by the test cases. It is calculated as the number of statements executed by the tests divided by the total number of executable statements in the code, providing an indication of how much of the code has been tested.

The following state transition diagram describes the functionality involved in a system using fingerprint and password authentication to log onto a system.

How many distinct states of the system are visible in the above diagram?

A.
1
A.
1
Answers
B.
2
B.
2
Answers
C.
3
C.
3
Answers
D.
4
D.
4
Answers
Suggested answer: C

Explanation:

The state transition diagram provided shows three distinct states:

Waiting for fingerprint

Waiting for PIN

Valid PIN/ask menu selection

Each state represents a different stage in the system's operation, with transitions based on user actions and system responses.

Which one of the following statements correctly describes the term 'debugging'?

A.
There is no difference between debugging and testing.
A.
There is no difference between debugging and testing.
Answers
B.
Debugging is a confirmation activity that checks whether fixes resolved defects.
B.
Debugging is a confirmation activity that checks whether fixes resolved defects.
Answers
C.
Debugging is the development activity that finds, analyses and fixes defects.
C.
Debugging is the development activity that finds, analyses and fixes defects.
Answers
D.
Debugging is of no relevance in Agile development.
D.
Debugging is of no relevance in Agile development.
Answers
Suggested answer: C

Explanation:

Debugging is the development activity that finds, analyses and fixes defects. Unlike testing, which aims to identify defects in the software, debugging is the process that developers use to locate and correct the errors found during testing. This involves diagnosing the root causes of these defects and making necessary code changes to resolve them. Debugging is a critical part of the development cycle and ensures that the software functions correctly after defects are fixed.

Reference: ISTQB CTFL Syllabus V4.0, Section 1.1.2

In which one of the following test techniques are test cases derived from the analysis of the software architecture?

A.
Black-box test techniques.
A.
Black-box test techniques.
Answers
B.
Experience-based test techniques.
B.
Experience-based test techniques.
Answers
C.
Checklist-based test techniques.
C.
Checklist-based test techniques.
Answers
D.
White-box test techniques.
D.
White-box test techniques.
Answers
Suggested answer: D

Explanation:

White-box test techniques are test design techniques where the test cases are derived from the internal structure of the software, including its architecture, code, and logical flow. These techniques involve the tester having knowledge of the internal workings of the software to create test cases that ensure all possible paths and conditions are tested. This is in contrast to black-box test techniques, which focus on input-output behavior without considering the internal structure.

Reference: ISTQB CTFL Syllabus V4.0, Section 4.3

The following diagram displays the logical dependencies between requirements and the individual requirement priorities. For example, 'R2->R3' means that R3 is dependent on R2. Priority is indicated by the number next to the letter ''P' i.e. P1 has a higher priority than P2.

Which one of the following options best describes the test execution sequence using both requirement dependency and priority

A.
R2. R1, R3. R4. R5, R6. R7, R8.
A.
R2. R1, R3. R4. R5, R6. R7, R8.
Answers
B.
R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8.
B.
R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8.
Answers
C.
R2, R4. R8, R5, R1, R6, R3, R7.
C.
R2, R4. R8, R5, R1, R6, R3, R7.
Answers
D.
. R2, R1,R3,R7,R6,R5,R4,R8.
D.
. R2, R1,R3,R7,R6,R5,R4,R8.
Answers
Suggested answer: D

Explanation:

The correct test execution sequence should consider both the dependencies between the requirements and their priorities. According to the diagram, the sequence begins with R2 (P1) as it is a prerequisite for R3 (P4). Then R1 (P3) can be tested. R3 follows as it depends on R2. Next, R7 (P4) should be tested before R6 (P3) and R5 (P2), as indicated by their dependencies. Finally, R4 (P1) and R8 (P1) can be tested. Therefore, the best sequence is R2, R1, R3, R7, R6, R5, R4, R8.

Reference: ISTQB CTFL Syllabus V4.0, Section 5.1.5

Testing Quadrants, as a model, is effective in aligning stakeholders within Agile teams.

Which of the following examples demonstrates this?

A.
Using Testing Quadrants, the test manager is able to measure and communicate test coverage to all stakeholders.
A.
Using Testing Quadrants, the test manager is able to measure and communicate test coverage to all stakeholders.
Answers
B.
Using Testing Quadrants, the test manager is able to communicate potential product risk to all stakeholders.
B.
Using Testing Quadrants, the test manager is able to communicate potential product risk to all stakeholders.
Answers
C.
Using Testing Quadrant, the test manager is able to prioritize defects by linking these to a specific type of test.
C.
Using Testing Quadrant, the test manager is able to prioritize defects by linking these to a specific type of test.
Answers
D.
Using Testing Quadrants, the test manager is able to differentiate and describe the types of tests to all stakeholders.
D.
Using Testing Quadrants, the test manager is able to differentiate and describe the types of tests to all stakeholders.
Answers
Suggested answer: D

Explanation:

The Testing Quadrants model helps Agile teams by categorizing different types of tests and their purposes. This differentiation helps test managers explain the testing strategy to all stakeholders, ensuring everyone understands the scope and objectives of each test type. This model aids in planning, executing, and tracking testing activities across different quadrants, making it easier to align with stakeholders' expectations and project goals.

Reference: ISTQB CTFL Syllabus V4.0, Section 5.1.7

The statement: 'Test activities should start in the early stages of the lifecycle, adhering to the testing principle of early testing'' is relevant to which of the recognized software development models?

A.
Sequential development model.
A.
Sequential development model.
Answers
B.
Iterative development model.
B.
Iterative development model.
Answers
C.
Incremental development model.
C.
Incremental development model.
Answers
D.
All the above
D.
All the above
Answers
Suggested answer: D

Explanation:

The principle of early testing is applicable to all recognized software development models, including sequential, iterative, and incremental models. Starting test activities early in the lifecycle helps in identifying and addressing defects as soon as possible, which can save time and costs by preventing defects from propagating to later stages of development. This proactive approach enhances the overall quality and efficiency of the software development process.

Reference: ISTQB CTFL Syllabus V4.0, Section 1.3

Which one of the following statements IS NOT a valid objective of testing?

A.
To build confidence in the level of quality of the test object.
A.
To build confidence in the level of quality of the test object.
Answers
B.
To find all defects in a product, ensuring the product is defect free.
B.
To find all defects in a product, ensuring the product is defect free.
Answers
C.
To find failures and defects
C.
To find failures and defects
Answers
D.
To evaluate work products such as requirements, user stories, design, and code.
D.
To evaluate work products such as requirements, user stories, design, and code.
Answers
Suggested answer: B

Explanation:

Finding all defects in a product and ensuring it is defect-free is not a valid objective of testing. Testing aims to find as many defects as possible, build confidence in the quality of the product, and evaluate work products. However, it is unrealistic to expect testing to find all defects, and declaring a product completely defect-free is impractical.

Reference: ISTQB CTFL Syllabus V4.0, Section 1.1.1

Which of the following statements best describes the way in which decision coverage is measured?

A.
Measured as the number of statements executed by the tests, divided by the total number of executable statements in the code.
A.
Measured as the number of statements executed by the tests, divided by the total number of executable statements in the code.
Answers
B.
Measured as the number of lines of code executed by the tests, divided by the total number of lines of code in the test object.
B.
Measured as the number of lines of code executed by the tests, divided by the total number of lines of code in the test object.
Answers
C.
Measured as the number of decision outcomes executed by the tests, divided by the total number of decision outcomes in the test object.
C.
Measured as the number of decision outcomes executed by the tests, divided by the total number of decision outcomes in the test object.
Answers
D.
It is not possible to accurately measure decision coverage.
D.
It is not possible to accurately measure decision coverage.
Answers
Suggested answer: C

Explanation:

Decision coverage, also known as branch coverage, is measured as the number of decision outcomes executed by the tests divided by the total number of decision outcomes in the test object. It ensures that every possible branch (true/false) decision in the code has been executed at least once.

Reference: ISTQB CTFL Syllabus V4.0, Section 4.3.2

Which of the following best describes the relationship between a test progress report and a test summary report?

A.
The test report prepared during a test activity may be referred to as a test progress report, while a test report prepared at the end of a test activity may be referred to as a test summary report.
A.
The test report prepared during a test activity may be referred to as a test progress report, while a test report prepared at the end of a test activity may be referred to as a test summary report.
Answers
B.
The test report prepared during a test activity may be referred to as a test summary report, while a test report prepared at the end of a test activity may be referred to as a test progress report.
B.
The test report prepared during a test activity may be referred to as a test summary report, while a test report prepared at the end of a test activity may be referred to as a test progress report.
Answers
C.
There is no difference between a test progress report and a test summary report.
C.
There is no difference between a test progress report and a test summary report.
Answers
D.
Both the test progress report and the test summary report should always be generated via an automated tool.
D.
Both the test progress report and the test summary report should always be generated via an automated tool.
Answers
Suggested answer: A

Explanation:

A test progress report is prepared during a test activity and provides updates on the current status of testing activities, including progress made, issues encountered, and test metrics. A test summary report, on the other hand, is prepared at the end of a test activity and provides a comprehensive overview of the testing carried out, including the final status, test results, defect summaries, and overall conclusions.

Reference: ISTQB CTFL Syllabus V4.0, Section 5.3.2

Applicable acceptance test cases for the given user story should focus on the specific requirement of deleting an individual item from the shopping list and ensuring that it is removed in less than 1 second. Therefore, the valid test cases are: i. Click on my online shopping list, select the unwanted item, delete the unwanted item, the unwanted item is deleted from the shopping list in less than 1 second. iii. Tab to the online shopping list and press enter, select the unwanted item, delete the unwanted item, the unwanted item is deleted from the shopping list in less than 1 second.

Reference: ISTQB CTFL Syllabus V4.0, Section 5.2.2

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