312-38: Certified Network Defender

AirSnort is a Linux-based WLAN WEP cracking tool that recovers encryption keys. AirSnort operates by passively monitoring transmissions. It uses Ciphertext Only Attack and captures approximately 5 to 10 million packets to decrypt the WEP keys.

Answer option B is incorrect. Kismet is a Linux-based 802.11 wireless network sniffer and intrusion detection system. It can work with any wireless card that supports raw monitoring (rfmon) mode. Kismet can sniff 802.11b, 802.11a, 802.11g, and 802.11n traffic. Kismet can be used for the following tasks:

To identify networks by passively collecting packets

To detect standard named networks

To detect masked networks

To collect the presence of non-beaconing networks via data traffic

Answer option D is incorrect. Cain is a multipurpose tool that can be used to perform many tasks such as Windows password cracking, Windows enumeration, and VoIP session sniffing. This password cracking program can perform the following types of password cracking attacks:

Dictionary attack

Brute force attack

Rainbow attack

Hybrid attack

Answer option A is incorrect. PsPasswd is a tool that helps Network Administrators change an account password on the local or remote system. The command syntax of PsPasswd is as follows: pspasswd [\\computer[,computer[,..] | @file [-u user [-p psswd]] Username [NewPassword]

Business Continuity Management is a management process that determines potential impacts that are likely to threaten an organization. It provides a framework for promoting quick recovery and the capability for an effective response to protect the interests of its brand, reputation, and stakeholders. Business continuity management includes disaster recovery, business recovery, crisis management, incident management, emergency management, product recall, contingency planning, etc.

Answer option B is incorrect. Patch management is an area of systems management that involves acquiring, testing, and installing multiple patches (code changes) to an administered computer system. Patch management includes the following tasks:

Maintaining current knowledge of available patches

Deciding what patches are appropriate for particular systems

Ensuring that patches are installed properly

Testing systems after installation, and documenting all associated procedures, such as specific configurations required A number of products are available to automate patch management tasks, including Ring Master's Automated Patch Management, Patch Link Update, and Gibraltar's Ever guard.

Answer option A is incorrect. This option is invalid.

Answer option C is incorrect. Incident handling is the process of managing incidents in an Enterprise, Business, or an Organization. It involves the thinking of the prospective suitable to the enterprise and then the implementation of the prospective in a clean and manageable manner.

It involves completing the incident report and presenting the conclusion to the management and providing ways to improve the process both from a technical and administrative aspect. Incident handling ensures that the overall process of an enterprise runs in an uninterrupted continuity.

A birthday attack is a class of brute force attacks that exploits the mathematics behind the birthday problem in probability theory. It is a type of cryptography attack. The birthday attack depends on the higher likelihood of collisions found between random attack attempts and a fixed degree of permutations.

Answer option D is incorrect. A dictionary attack is a technique for defeating a cipher or authentication mechanism by trying to determine its decryption key or passphrase by searching likely possibilities. A dictionary attack uses a brute-force technique of successively trying all the words in an exhaustive list (from a prearranged list of values). In contrast with a normal brute force attack, where a large proportion key space is searched systematically, a dictionary attack tries only those possibilities which are most likely to succeed, typically derived from a list of words in a dictionary. Generally, dictionary attacks succeed because many people have a tendency to choose passwords which are short (7 characters or fewer), single words found in dictionaries, or simple, easily-predicted variations on words, such as appending a digit.

Answer option A is incorrect. Phishing is a type of internet fraud attempted by hackers. Hackers try to log into system by masquerading as a trustworthy entity and acquire sensitive information, such as, username, password, bank account details, credit card details, etc. After collecting this information, hackers try to use this information for their gain.

Answer option B is incorrect. A replay attack is a form of network attack in which a valid data transmission is maliciously or fraudulently repeated or delayed. This is carried out either by the originator or by an adversary who intercepts the data and retransmits it, possibly as part of a masquerade attack by IP packet substitution.

EGP stands for Exterior Gateway Protocol. It is used for exchanging routing information between two gateways in a network of autonomous systems. This protocol depends upon periodic polling with proper acknowledgements to confirm that network connections are up and running, and to request for routing updates. Each router requests its neighbor at an interval of 120 to 480 seconds, for sending the routing table updates. The neighbor host then responds by sending its routing table. EGP-2 is the latest version of EGP.

Answer option B is incorrect. Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a maintenance protocol that allows routers and host computers to swap basic control information when data is sent from one computer to another. It is generally considered a part of the IP layer. It allows the computers on a network to share error and status information. An ICMP message, which is encapsulated within an IP datagram, is very useful to troubleshoot the network connectivity and can be routed throughout the Internet.

Answer option A is incorrect. Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is a communication protocol that multicasts messages and information among all member devices in an IP multicast group. However, multicast traffic is sent to a single MAC address but is processed by multiple hosts. It can be effectively used for gaming and showing online videos. IGMP is vulnerable to network attacks.

Answer option D is incorrect. Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a routing protocol that is used in large networks. Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) designates OSPF as one of the Interior Gateway Protocols. A host uses OSPF to obtain a change in the routing table and to immediately multicast updated information to all the other hosts in the network.