Fortinet FCP_FWB_AD-7.4 Practice Test - Questions Answers

Making a secondary HTTPS connection to a server where FortiWeb acts as a client: When FortiWeb needs to connect to an external server via HTTPS (acting as a client), it may use its own certificates for that connection.

An administrator session connecting to the GUI using HTTPS: FortiWeb uses its own certificates to secure the HTTPS connection between the administrator and the FortiWeb GUI. This ensures secure access for management purposes.

To forward requests for web application B to a single web server, you would configure FortiWeb to use HTTP content routing and create a server pool specifically for web application B. In FortiWeb, server pools are used to group servers together based on application requirements, and you can configure the pool to contain only a single web server for application B.

It does not affect denial-of-service (DoS) protection profile actions to rate limit traffic: Monitor mode allows FortiWeb to monitor traffic without impacting the protection profile actions, including rate limiting in the DoS protection profiles. Traffic will still be subjected to DoS protection actions like rate limiting, but FortiWeb will not block traffic unless a violation occurs.

It overrides all usual profile actions. FortiWeb accepts all requests and generates alert email or log messages only for violations: In monitor mode, FortiWeb will allow all traffic through and generate logs or alerts for any violations, but it will not take active actions like blocking requests or redirecting traffic. This allows you to observe the traffic patterns and potential threats without disrupting normal operations.

The Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) sets forth security requirements to protect cardholder data. Requirement 6.6 specifically mandates that public-facing web applications be protected against known attacks by either:Exclusive Networks+3Gordion+3layer7solutions.com+3

Reviewing applications via manual or automated vulnerability security assessment tools or methods, at least annually and after any changes.

Installing an automated technical solution that detects and prevents web-based attacks, such as a web application firewall (WAF), in front of public-facing web applications to continually inspect all traffic.

FortiWeb, Fortinet's web application firewall, offers various deployment modes to protect web applications:

Reverse Proxy Mode: FortiWeb acts as an intermediary, terminating client sessions and initiating sessions to the backend servers. This mode provides comprehensive protection and allows for features like SSL offloading, URL rewriting, and advanced routing capabilities.

Transparent Mode: FortiWeb operates at Layer 2, inspecting traffic without modifying it, making it invisible to both clients and servers. This mode simplifies deployment as it doesn't require changes to the existing network topology.

Full Transparent Proxy Mode: Combines aspects of both reverse proxy and transparent modes, providing inspection and modification capabilities while remaining transparent to network devices.

PCI DSS Mode: A specialized deployment tailored to meet PCI DSS compliance requirements. This mode ensures that FortiWeb is configured with security policies and features aligned with PCI DSS standards, offering robust protection against threats targeting cardholder data.

Given the need to meet PCI DSS compliance criteria, deploying FortiWeb in PCI DSS mode is the most appropriate choice. This mode is specifically designed to align with PCI DSS requirements, ensuring that all necessary security measures are in place to protect cardholder data

FortiWeb is primarily designed to handle HTTP and HTTPS traffic, protecting web applications from various threats. By default, when operating in reverse proxy mode, FortiWeb does not forward non-HTTP/HTTPS protocols to protected servers. However, administrators can configure FortiWeb to handle non-HTTP/HTTPS traffic differently using the config router setting command. This command allows enabling IP-based forwarding (routing) for non-HTTP/HTTPS traffic. When enabled, FortiWeb can route non-HTTP traffic through itself to the appropriate backend servers.

Despite this capability, any non-HTTP/HTTPS traffic that is destined directly for a FortiWeb virtual server IP address is dropped. This means that while FortiWeb can be configured to forward non-HTTP/HTTPS traffic to backend servers, it will not process non-HTTP/HTTPS traffic targeted at its own virtual server IPs.

Regarding IPv6 routing, FortiWeb does support IPv6 in various operation modes, including reverse proxy, offline inspection, and transparent inspection. However, enabling IPv6 routing requires specific configurations and is not automatically enabled by default.

The quickest detection for an SQL injection attack like the one described ('root'; --) would be through known signatures. FortiWeb utilizes signature-based detection to match incoming traffic against predefined attack patterns. Since SQL injection attacks are commonly known and have specific patterns (such as 'root'; --), known signatures would immediately recognize and flag this type of attack.

When configuring an API Gateway on a FortiWeb appliance, it's essential to include specific elements to ensure proper functionality and security. Two critical configuration elements are:

Defining Rate Limits: Implementing rate limits is crucial to control the number of requests a client can make to the API within a specified timeframe. This helps prevent abuse, such as denial-of-service attacks, by limiting excessive requests from clients.

Defining URL Prefixes: Specifying URL prefixes allows the FortiWeb appliance to identify and manage API requests accurately. By defining these prefixes, the appliance can route and process API calls correctly, ensuring that only legitimate traffic reaches the backend services.

These configurations align with Fortinet's best practices for setting up an API Gateway policy. While the exact steps may vary depending on the FortiWeb firmware version, the general process involves navigating to the Web Application Firewall section, selecting the API Gateway Policy tab, and configuring the necessary parameters, including rate limits and URL prefixes.

HTTP rewriting is a feature in FortiWeb that allows administrators to modify HTTP requests and responses for various purposes, including security enhancements, user experience improvements, and application functionality. One common use case for HTTP rewriting is to redirect HTTP traffic to HTTPS, ensuring that all communications between clients and the server are encrypted and secure.

Explanation of Options:

A . To redirect HTTP to HTTPS: This is a valid reason to implement HTTP rewriting. By rewriting incoming HTTP requests to HTTPS, administrators can enforce secure connections, protecting data integrity and confidentiality. FortiWeb supports this functionality, allowing seamless redirection from HTTP to HTTPS.

B . To implement load balancing: Load balancing is not typically achieved through HTTP rewriting. Instead, it involves distributing network traffic across multiple servers to ensure availability and reliability. FortiWeb provides load balancing features, but these are separate from HTTP rewriting capabilities.

C . To replace a vulnerable element in a requested URL: While HTTP rewriting can modify URLs, its primary purpose is not to replace vulnerable elements within URLs. Addressing vulnerabilities typically involves input validation, sanitization, and other security measures rather than rewriting URLs.

D . The original page has moved to a new URL: This is another valid reason to implement HTTP rewriting. When a webpage's URL changes, rewriting rules can redirect requests from the old URL to the new one, ensuring users can still access the content without encountering errors.

In summary, both options A and D are correct reasons to implement HTTP rewriting. However, in the context of FortiWeb's functionalities, redirecting HTTP to HTTPS (option A) is a common and significant use case, as it enhances security by ensuring encrypted connections.

In FortiWeb's API protection mechanisms, there are distinctions between the traditional API gateway protection schema and the machine learning (ML) based API protection schema:

Data Type Support: The API gateway protection schema has the capability to support various data types beyond just strings, allowing for more comprehensive validation and enforcement of API schemas.

Schema Adaptability: The ML-based API protection schema is designed to automatically learn and adapt to changes in the API structure without requiring manual intervention from administrators. This dynamic learning process enables FortiWeb to identify and protect against anomalies and potential threats in real-time.