IAPP CIPP-US Practice Test - Questions Answers, Page 2

Data classification systematically categorizes information based on sensitivity and importance to determine its level of confidentiality.This process helps apply appropriate security and compliance measures to ensure each category receives proper protection1.This process also helps to identify which personal data is subject to specific GDPR requirements, such as obtaining explicit consent from data subjects, or notifying data subjects in the event of a data breach2.By classifying data, Cheryl can also make more informed decisions about where to store the information on her computer system and the nature of controls that are required based on classification3. This way, she can protect her customers' privacy while maintaining the highest level of service.Reference:

Data Classification for GDPR Explained

A guide to data classification: confidential data vs. sensitive data vs. public information

Why Is Data Classification Important?

Janice's first draft of the privacy policy may be too restrictive and impractical for Fitness Coach, Inc. to follow, given the nature of its business and the expectations of its customers. By limiting the retention of personal information to one year and requiring written consent for any third-party sharing, the policy may create operational challenges and customer dissatisfaction. For example, customers may want to resume their fitness programs after a long hiatus and expect the company to have their previous records and preferences. Similarly, third-party contractors may need access to customer information to provide better services and tailor their classes. If the company fails to adhere to its own privacy policy, it may face legal consequences, reputational damage, and loss of trust from its customers. Therefore, the company should adopt a more realistic and flexible privacy policy that balances its business needs and its customers' privacy rights.Reference:

Privacy Policy for Health Coaches

Privacy Policies for Online Coaches

Privacy Policy - Coaching.com

Cheryl's suggested method of communicating the new privacy policy by creating documents listing applicable parts of the new policy for each department and implementing it gradually over several months may create confusion and inconsistency among employees and customers. Different departments may have different interpretations and expectations of the policy, and customers may not be aware of the changes or their rights under the policy. This may lead to errors, complaints, and violations of the policy and the applicable laws. A better approach would be to communicate the policy in full to all employees and customers at once, and provide training and guidance on how to comply with it. The policy should also be easily accessible and updated on the company's website and other channels.Reference:

Privacy Policy for Health Coaches

Privacy Policies for Online Coaches

Privacy Policy - Coaching.com

According to the Wiley study guide, one of the steps in developing a privacy policy is to conduct a privacy assessment, which involves identifying the organization's information goals and needs, as well as the legal and regulatory requirements that apply to its data collection and use practices3. By spending more time understanding the company's information goals, Janice would have been able to tailor the privacy policy to fit the company's business model and customer expectations, while still complying with the relevant privacy laws and standards. This would have also helped Janice to address Cheryl's concerns about the impact of the policy on the company's operations and customer relationships, and to propose solutions that balance privacy protection and service delivery.

1: https://iapp.org/certify/cippus/

2: https://iapp.org/certify/get-certified/cippus/

3: https://www.wiley.com/en-be/IAPP+CIPP+US+Certified+Information+Privacy+Professional+Study+Guide-p-9781119755517

4: https://www.techtarget.com/searchsecurity/quiz/10-CIPP-US-practice-questions-to-test-your-privacy-knowledge

5: https://www.study4exam.com/iapp/free-cipp-us-questions

: https://www.passitcertify.com/iapp/cipp-us-questions.html

Privacy by Design is a concept that the FTC endorsed in its 2012 report on protecting consumer privacy1.It seeks to deliver the maximum degree of privacy by ensuring that personal data are automatically protected in any given IT system or business practice2.It asserts that data held by an organization ultimately belongs to the consumer and organizations should ensure that data subjects are properly informed about how their data is collected and used3.Privacy by Design requires companies to build in consumers' privacy protections at every stage in developing their products, including reasonable security for consumer data, limited collection and retention of such data, and reasonable procedures to promote data accuracy1.Reference:1: FTC Report of 2012, p.22-23;2: Global Data Review3;3: Termly4.

The European approach to privacy is based on the recognition of privacy as a fundamental human right that requires strong legal protection and oversight. The EU has adopted comprehensive and binding privacy laws, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the ePrivacy Directive, that apply to all sectors and activities involving personal data. The EU also has independent data protection authorities (DPAs) that monitor and enforce compliance with the privacy laws, and a European Data Protection Board (EDPB) that issues guidance and opinions on privacy matters. The EU also requires adequate levels of privacy protection for personal data transferred to third countries or international organizations.

In contrast, the U.S. approach to privacy is based on a sectoral and self-regulatory model that relies on a combination of federal and state laws, industry codes of conduct, consumer education, and market forces. The U.S. does not have a single, comprehensive, and enforceable federal privacy law that covers all sectors and activities involving personal data. Instead, the U.S. has a patchwork of federal and state laws that address specific issues or sectors, such as health, financial, children's, and electronic communications privacy. The U.S. also has various federal and state agencies that share jurisdiction over privacy matters, such as the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The U.S. also relies on self-regulation by industries that develop and adhere to voluntary codes of conduct, standards, and best practices for privacy. The U.S. also allows personal data to be transferred to third countries or international organizations without requiring adequate levels of privacy protection, as long as the data subjects have given their consent or the transfer is covered by a mechanism such as the Privacy Shield or the Standard Contractual Clauses.

Some supporters of the European approach to privacy are skeptical about self-regulation of privacy practices because they believe that self-regulation is not effective, consistent, or accountable enough to protect the rights and interests of data subjects. They argue that self-regulation may not provide sufficient incentives or sanctions for industries to comply with privacy rules, or to adopt privacy-enhancing technologies and practices. They also contend that self-regulation may not reflect the views and expectations of data subjects, or address the emerging and complex privacy challenges posed by new technologies and business models. They also question the transparency and legitimacy of self-regulation, and the ability of data subjects to exercise their rights and seek redress for privacy violations.Reference:

IAPP CIPP/US Study Guide, Chapter 1: Introduction to the U.S. Privacy Environment, pp. 9-10, 16-17

IAPP website, CIPP/US Certification

NICCS website, Certified Information Privacy Professional/United States (CIPP/US) Training

The Global Privacy Enforcement Network (GPEN) is a network for privacy enforcement authorities (PEAs) to share knowledge, experience and best practices on the practical aspects of privacy enforcement and cooperation. GPEN was created in response to the OECD Recommendation on Cross-border Cooperation in the Enforcement of Laws Protecting Privacy, which called for member countries to foster the establishment of an informal network of PEAs. GPEN's main purpose is to facilitate cross-border cooperation and coordination among PEAs, especially in cases involving multiple jurisdictions or regions. GPEN also aims to enhance information sharing, promote awareness and education, and support capacity building among PEAs.Reference:

Home (public) | Global Privacy Enforcement Network

Global Privacy Enforcement Network - International Association of Privacy Professionals

International Partnerships - Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada

Specialised networks -- Global Privacy Assembly

Action Plan for the Global Privacy Enforcement Network (GPEN)

[IAPP CIPP/US Certified Information Privacy Professional Study Guide], Chapter 6, page 213.

The lawsuit, filed in 2014, claimed that Google violated the federal and state wiretap and privacy laws by scanning and indexing the emails of millions of students who used its Apps for Education suite, which included Gmail as a key feature12.The plaintiffs alleged that Google used the information from the scans to build profiles of students that could be used for targeted advertising or other commercial purposes, without their consent or knowledge12.The lawsuit also challenged Google's argument that the students consented to the scans when they first logged in to their accounts, saying that such consent was not valid under FERPA, which requires written consent for any disclosure of education records12.Google denied the allegations and argued that the scans were necessary for providing security, spam protection, and other functionality to the users12.The case was settled in 2016, with Google agreeing to change some of its practices and policies regarding the scanning of student emails3.Reference:1: Lawsuit Alleges That Google Has Crossed A 'Creepy Line' With Student Data, Huffington Post,1.2: Google faces lawsuit over email scanning and student data, The Guardian,2.3: Google data case to be heard in Supreme Court, BBC,3.

Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act (FTC Act) prohibits ''unfair or deceptive acts or practices in or affecting commerce.''1This prohibition applies to all persons engaged in commerce, including banks, but also exempts some entities, such as nonprofit organizations and common carriers, from FTC jurisdiction.2Therefore, among the four options, only an online merchant's free shipping offer would be subject to the requirements of Section 5, as it involves a commercial activity that could potentially mislead or harm consumers.For example, if the online merchant fails to disclose the terms and conditions of the offer, or charges hidden fees, or delivers the products late or damaged, it could violate Section 5 by engaging in a deceptive practice.3Reference:1: Section 5 | Federal Trade Commission2: Federal Trade Commission Act Section 5: Unfair or Deceptive Acts or Practices, page 13: IAPP CIPP/US Certified Information Privacy Professional Study Guide, page 23.