Quiz IT certification exam

Question 1

A real estate company is building an internal application so that real estate agents can upload photos and videos of various properties. The application will store these photos and videos in an Amazon S3 bucket as objects and will use Amazon DynamoDB to store corresponding metadat a. The S3 bucket will be configured to publish all PUT events for new object uploads to an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue.

A compute cluster of Amazon EC2 instances will poll the SQS queue to find out about newly uploaded objects. The cluster will retrieve new objects, perform proprietary image and video recognition and classification update metadata in DynamoDB and replace the objects with new watermarked objects.

The company does not want public IP addresses on the EC2 instances.

Which networking design solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively as application usage increases?

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Accepted Answer

Place the EC2 instances in a private subnet. Create an interface VPC endpoint for Amazon SQS.Create gateway VPC endpoints for Amazon S3 and DynamoDB.

Answer

Place the EC2 instances in a public subnet. Disable the Auto-assign Public IP option while launching the EC2 instances. Create an internet gateway. Attach the internet gateway to the VPC. In the public subnet's route table, add a default route that points to the internet gateway.

Answer

Place the EC2 instances in a private subnet. Create a NAT gateway in a public subnet in the same Availability Zone. Create an internet gateway. Attach the internet gateway to the VPC. In the public subnet's route table, add a default route that points to the internet gateway

Answer

Place the EC2 instances in a private subnet. Create a gateway VPC endpoint for Amazon SQS.Create interface VPC endpoints for Amazon S3 and DynamoDB.

Question 2

A company has an AWS Direct Connect connection between its on-premises data center in the United States (US) and workloads in the us-east-1 Region. The connection uses a transit VIF to connect the data center to a transit gateway in us-east-1.The company is opening a new office in Europe with a new on-premises data center in England. A Direct Connect connection will connect the new data center with some workloads that are running in a single VPC in the eu-west-2 Region. The company needs to connect the US data center and us-east- 1 with the Europe data center and eu-west-2. A network engineer must establish full connectivity between the data centers and Regions with the lowest possible latency.How should the network engineer design the network architecture to meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Connect the VPC in eu-west-2 to a new transit gateway. Connect the Europe data center to the new transit gateway by using a Direct Connect gateway and a new transit VIF. Create a new Direct Connect gateway. Associate the transit gateway in us-east-1 with the new Direct Connect gateway.Enable SiteLink for both transit VIFs. Peer the two transit gateways.

Answer

Connect the VPC in eu-west-2 with the Europe data center by using a Direct Connect gateway and a private VIF. Associate the transit gateway in us-east-1 with the same Direct Connect gateway.Enable SiteLink for the transit VIF and the private VIF.

Answer

Connect the VPC in eu-west-2 to a new transit gateway. Connect the Europe data center to the new transit gateway by using a Direct Connect gateway and a new transit VIF. Associate the transit gateway in us-east-1 with the same Direct Connect gateway. Enable SiteLink for both transit VIFs.Peer the two transit gateways.

Answer

Connect the VPC in eu-west-2 with the Europe data center by using a Direct Connect gateway and a private VIF. Create a new Direct Connect gateway. Associate the transit gateway in us-east-1 with the new Direct Connect gateway. Enable SiteLink for the transit VIF and the private VIF.

Question 3

A network engineer has deployed an Amazon EC2 instance in a private subnet in a VPC. The VPC has no public subnet. The EC2 instance hosts application code that sends messages to an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue. The subnet has the default network ACL with no modification applied. The EC2 instance has the default security group with no modification applied.The SQS queue is not receiving messages.Which of the following are possible causes of this problem? (Choose two.)

Accepted Answer

There is no interface VPC endpoint configured for Amazon SQS

Accepted Answer

There is no route configured in the subnet route table for the IP address range used by Amazon SQS

Answer

The EC2 instance is not attached to an IAM role that allows write operations to Amazon SQS.

Answer

The security group is blocking traffic to the IP address range used by Amazon SQS

Answer

The network ACL is blocking return traffic from Amazon SQS

Question 4

A network engineer needs to standardize a company's approach to centralizing and managing interface VPC endpoints for private communication with AWS services. The company uses AWS Transit Gateway for inter-VPC connectivity between AWS accounts through a hub-and-spoke model.The company's network services team must manage all Amazon Route 53 zones and interface endpoints within a shared services AWS account. The company wants to use this centralized model to provide AWS resources with access to AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) without sending traffic over the public internet.What should the network engineer do to meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

In the shared services account, create an interface endpoint for AWS KMS. Modify the interface endpoint by disabling the private DNS name. Create a private hosted zone in the shared services account with an alias record that points to the interface endpoint. Associate the private hosted zone with the spoke VPCs in each AWS account.

Answer

In the shared services account, create an interface endpoint for AWS KMS. Modify the interface endpoint by disabling the private DNS name. Create a private hosted zone in each spoke AWS account with an alias record that points to the interface endpoint. Associate each private hosted zone with the shared services AWS account.

Answer

In each spoke AWS account, create an interface endpoint for AWS KMS. Modify each interface endpoint by disabling the private DNS name. Create a private hosted zone in each spoke AWS account with an alias record that points to each interface endpoint. Associate each private hosted zone with the shared services AWS account.

Answer

In each spoke AWS account, create an interface endpoint for AWS KMS. Modify each interface endpoint by disabling the private DNS name. Create a private hosted zone in the shared services account with an alias record that points to each interface endpoint. Associate the private hosted zone with the spoke VPCs in each AWS account.

Question 5

A company has created three VPCs: a production VPC, a nonproduction VPC, and a shared services VPC. The production VPC and the nonproduction VPC must each have communication with the shared services VPC. There must be no communication between the production VPC and the nonproduction VPC. A transit gateway is deployed to facilitate communication between VPCs.Which route table configurations on the transit gateway will meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Configure a route table with the production and nonproduction VPC attachments associated with propagated routes for only the shared services VPC. Create an additional route table with only the shared services VPC attachment associated with propagated routes from the production and nonproduction VPCs.

Answer

Configure a route table with the production and nonproduction VPC attachments associated with propagated routes for each VPC. Create an additional route table with only the shared services VPC attachment associated with propagated routes from each VPC.

Answer

Configure a route table with all the VPC attachments associated with propagated routes for only the shared services VPCreate an additional route table with only the shared services VPC attachment associated with propagated routes from the production and nonproduction VPCs.

Answer

Configure a route table with the production and nonproduction VPC attachments associated with propagated routes disabled. Create an additional route table with only the shared services VPC attachment associated with propagated routes from the production and nonproduction VPCs.

Question 6

A company is using an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection from the company's on-premises data center to a virtual private gateway in the AWS Cloud Because of congestion, the company is experiencing availability and performance issues as traffic travels across the internet before the traffic reaches AWS. A network engineer must reduce these issues for the connection as quickly as possible with minimum administration effort.Which solution will meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Configure a transit gateway in the same AWS Region as the existing virtual private gateway. Create a new accelerated Site-to-Site VPN connection. Connect the new connection to the transit gateway by using a VPN attachment. Update the customer gateway device to use the new Site to Site VPN connection. Delete the existing Site-to-Site VPN connection

Answer

Edit the existing Site-to-Site VPN connection by enabling acceleration. Stop and start the VPN service on the customer gateway for the new setting to take effect.

Answer

Create a new accelerated Site-to-Site VPN connection. Connect the new Site-to-Site VPN connection to the existing virtual private gateway. Update the customer gateway device to use the new Site-to-Site VPN connection. Delete the existing Site-to-Site VPN connection.

Answer

Create a new AWS Direct Connect connection with a private VIF between the on-premises data center and the AWS Cloud. Update the customer gateway device to use the new Direct Connect connection. Delete the existing Site-to-Site VPN connection.

Question 7

An Australian ecommerce company hosts all of its services in the AWS Cloud and wants to expand its customer base to the United States (US). The company is targeting the western US for the expansion.The company’s existing AWS architecture consists of four AWS accounts with multiple VPCs deployed in the ap-southeast-2 Region. All VPCs are attached to a transit gateway in ap-southeast-2. There are dedicated VPCs for each application service. The company also has VPCs for centralized security features such as proxies, firewalls, and logging.The company plans to duplicate the infrastructure from ap-southeast-2 to the us-west-1 Region. A network engineer must establish connectivity between the various applications in the two Regions.The solution must maximize bandwidth, minimize latency and minimize operational overhead.Which solution will meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Peer the transit gateways in each Region. Configure routing between the two transit gateways for each Region's IP addresses.

Answer

Create VPN attachments between the two transit gateways. Configure the VPN attachments to use BGP routing between the two transit gateways.

Answer

Create a VPN server in a VPC in each Region. Update the routing to point to the VPN servers for the IP addresses in alternate Regions.

Answer

Attach the VPCs in us-west-1 to the transit gateway in ap-southeast-2.

Question 8

An IoT company sells hardware sensor modules that periodically send out temperature, humidity, pressure, and location data through the MQTT messaging protocol. The hardware sensor modules send this data to the company's on-premises MQTT brokers that run on Linux servers behind a load balancer. The hardware sensor modules have been hardcoded with public IP addresses to reach the brokers.The company is growing and is acquiring customers across the world. The existing solution can no longer scale and is introducing additional latency because of the company's global presence. As a result, the company decides to migrate its entire infrastructure from on premises to the AWS Cloud.The company needs to migrate without reconfiguring the hardware sensor modules that are already deployed across the world. The solution also must minimize latency.The company migrates the MQTT brokers to run on Amazon EC2 instances. What should the company do next to meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Place the EC2 instances behind a Network Load Balancer (NLB). Configure TCP listeners. Create an AWS Global Accelerator accelerator in front of the NLUse Bring Your Own IP (BYOIP) from the onpremises network with Global Accelerator.

Answer

Place the EC2 instances behind a Network Load Balancer (NLB). Configure TCP listeners. Use Bring Your Own IP (BYOIP) from the on-premises network with the NLB.

Answer

Place the EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Configure TCP listeners. Create an AWS Global Accelerator accelerator in front of the ALB. Use Bring Your Own IP (BYOIP) from the on-premises network with Global Accelerator

Answer

Place the EC2 instances behind an Amazon CloudFront distribution. Use Bring Your Own IP (BYOIP) from the on-premises network with CloudFront.

Question 9

A company hosts an application on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB).The company recently experienced a network security breach. A network engineer must collect and analyze logs that include the client IP address, target IP address, target port, and user agent of each user that accesses the application.What is the MOST operationally efficient solution that meets these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Configure the ALB to store logs in an Amazon S3 bucket. Use Amazon Athena to analyze the logs in Amazon S3.

Answer

Configure the ALB to store logs in an Amazon S3 bucket. Download the files from Amazon S3, and use a spreadsheet application to analyze the logs.

Answer

Configure the ALB to push logs to Amazon Kinesis Data Streams. Use Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics to analyze the logs.

Answer

Configure Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to stream data from the ALB to Amazon OpenSearch Service (Amazon Elasticsearch Service). Use search operations in Amazon OpenSearch Service (Amazon Elasticsearch Service) to analyze the data.

Question 10

A company is using Amazon Route 53 Resolver DNS Firewall in a VPC to block all domains except domains that are on an approved list. The company is concerned that if DNS Firewall is unresponsive, resources in the VPC might be affected if the network cannot resolve any DNS queries. To maintain application service level agreements, the company needs DNS queries to continue to resolve even if Route 53 Resolver does not receive a response from DNS Firewall.Which change should a network engineer implement to meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Update the DNS Firewall VPC configuration to enable fail open for the VPC.

Answer

Update the DNS Firewall VPC configuration to disable fail open for the VPC.

Answer

Create a new DHCP options set with parameter dns_firewall_fail_open=false. Associate the new DHCP options set with the VPC.

Answer

Create a new DHCP options set with parameter dns_firewall_fail_open=true. Associate the new DHCP options set with the VPC.

Question 11

A company is planning to use Amazon S3 to archive financial dat a. The data is currently stored in an on-premises data center. The company uses AWS Direct Connect with a Direct Connect gateway and a transit gateway to connect to the on-premises data center. The data cannot be transported over the public internet and must be encrypted in transit.Which solution will meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Create an IPsec VPN connection over the transit VIF. Create a VPC and attach the VPC to the transit gateway. In the VPC, provision an interface VPC endpoint for Amazon S3. Use HTTPS for communication.

Answer

Create a Direct Connect public VIF. Set up an IPsec VPN connection over the public VIF to access Amazon S3. Use HTTPS for communication.

Answer

Create a VPC and attach the VPC to the transit gateway. In the VPC, provision an interface VPC endpoint for Amazon S3. Use HTTPS for communication.

Answer

Create a Direct Connect public VIF. Set up an IPsec VPN connection over the public VIF to the transit gateway. Create an attachment for Amazon S3. Use HTTPS for communication.

Question 12

A company has deployed a web application on AWS. The web application uses an Application Load Balancer (ALB) across multiple Availability Zones. The targets of the ALB are AWS Lambda functions.The web application also uses Amazon CloudWatch metrics for monitoring.Users report that parts of the web application are not loading properly. A network engineer needs to troubleshoot the problem. The network engineer enables access logging for the ALB.What should the network engineer do next to determine which errors the ALB is receiving?

Accepted Answer

Configure the Amazon S3 bucket destination. Use Amazon Athena to determine which error messages the ALB is receiving.

Answer

Send the logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs. Review the ALB logs in CloudWatch Insights to determine which error messages the ALB is receiving.

Answer

Configure the Amazon S3 bucket destination. After Amazon CloudWatch Logs pulls the ALB logs from the S3 bucket automatically, review the logs in CloudWatch Logs to determine which error messages the ALB is receiving.

Answer

Send the logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs. Use the Amazon Athena CloudWatch Connector to determine which error messages the ALB is receiving.

Question 13

An IoT company sells hardware sensor modules that periodically send out temperature, humidity, pressure, and location data through the MQTT messaging protocol. The hardware sensor modules send this data to the company's on-premises MQTT brokers that run on Linux servers behind a load balancer. The hardware sensor modules have been hardcoded with public IP addresses to reach the brokers.The company is growing and is acquiring customers across the world. The existing solution can no longer scale and is introducing additional latency because of the company's global presence. As a result, the company decides to migrate its entire infrastructure from on premises to the AWS Cloud.The company needs to migrate without reconfiguring the hardware sensor modules that are already deployed across the world. The solution also must minimize latency.The company migrates the MQTT brokers to run on Amazon EC2 instances.What should the company do next to meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Place the EC2 instances behind a Network Load Balancer (NLB). Configure TCP listeners. Create an AWS Global Accelerator accelerator in front of the NLUse Bring Your Own IP (BYOIP) from the onpremises network with Global Accelerator.

Answer

Place the EC2 instances behind a Network Load Balancer (NLB). Configure TCP listeners. Use Bring Your Own IP (BYOIP) from the on-premises network with the NLB.

Answer

Place the EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Configure TCP listeners. Create an AWS Global Accelerator accelerator in front of the ALB. Use Bring Your Own IP (BYOIP) from the on-premises network with Global Accelerator

Answer

Place the EC2 instances behind an Amazon CloudFront distribution. Use Bring Your Own IP (BYOIP) from the on-premises network with CloudFront.

Question 14

A company hosts a web application on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The ALB is the origin in an Amazon CloudFront distribution. The company wants to implement a custom authentication system that will provide a token for its authenticated customers.The web application must ensure that the GET/POST requests come from authenticated customers before it delivers the content. A network engineer must design a solution that gives the web application the ability to identify authorized customers.What is the MOST operationally efficient solution that meets these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Use an AWS Lambda@Edge function to inspect the authorized token inside the GET/POST request payload. Use the Lambda@Edge function also to insert a customized header to inform the web application of an authenticated customer request.

Answer

Use the ALB to inspect the authorized token inside the GET/POST request payload. Use an AWS Lambda function to insert a customized header to inform the web application of an authenticated customer request.

Answer

Integrate AWS WAF with the ALB to inspect the authorized token inside the GET/POST request payload. Configure the ALB listener to insert a customized header to inform the web application of an authenticated customer request.

Answer

Set up an EC2 instance that has a third-party packet inspection tool to inspect the authorized token inside the GET/POST request payload. Configure the tool to insert a customized header to inform the web application of an authenticated customer request.

Question 15

A company’s network engineer is designing a hybrid DNS solution for an AWS Cloud workload.Individual teams want to manage their own DNS hostnames for their applications in their development environment. The solution must integrate the application-specific hostnames with the centrally managed DNS hostnames from the on-premises network and must provide bidirectional name resolution. The solution also must minimize management overhead.Which combination of steps should the network engineer take to meet these requirements? (Choose three.)

Accepted Answer

Use an Amazon Route 53 Resolver inbound endpoint.

Accepted Answer

Modify the DHCP options set by setting a custom DNS server value.

Accepted Answer

Create Amazon Route 53 private hosted zones.

Answer

Use an Amazon Route 53 Resolver outbound endpoint.

Answer

Create DNS proxy servers.

Answer

Set up a zone transfer between Amazon Route 53 and the on-premises DNS.

Question 16

A company has its production VPC (VPC-A) in the eu-west-1 Region in Account 1. VPC-A is attached to a transit gateway (TGW-A) that is connected to an on-premises data center in Dublin, Ireland, by an AWS Direct Connect transit VIF that is configured for an AWS Direct Connect gateway. The company also has a staging VPC (VPC-B) that is attached to another transit gateway (TGW-B) in the eu-west-2 Region in Account 2.A network engineer must implement connectivity between VPC-B and the on-premises data center in Dublin.Which solutions will meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

Accepted Answer

Associate TGW-B with the Direct Connect gateway. Advertise the VPC-B CIDR block under the allowed prefixes.

Accepted Answer

Configure another transit VIF on the Direct Connect connection and associate TGW-B. Advertise the VPC-B CIDR block under the allowed prefixes.

Answer

Configure inter-Region VPC peering between VPC-A and VPC-B. Add the required VPC peering routes. Add the VPC-B CIDR block in the allowed prefixes on the Direct Connect gateway association.

Answer

Configure inter-Region transit gateway peering between TGW-A and TGW-B. Add the peering routes in the transit gateway route tables. Add both the VPC-A and the VPC-B CIDR block under the allowed prefix list in the Direct Connect gateway association.

Answer

Configure an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection over the transit VIF to TGW-B as a VPN attachment.

Question 17

A company has deployed an application in a VPC that uses a NAT gateway for outbound traffic to the internet. A network engineer notices a large quantity of suspicious network traffic that is traveling from the VPC over the internet to IP addresses that are included on a deny list. The network engineer must implement a solution to determine which AWS resources are generating the suspicious traffic.The solution must minimize cost and administrative overhead.Which solution will meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Use VPC flow logs. Publish the flow logs to a log group in Amazon CloudWatch Logs. Use CloudWatch Logs Insights to query the flow logs to identify the AWS resources that are generating the suspicious traffic.

Answer

Launch an Amazon EC2 instance in the VPC. Use Traffic Mirroring by specifying the NAT gateway as the source and the EC2 instance as the destination. Analyze the captured traffic by using open-source tools to identify the AWS resources that are generating the suspicious traffic.

Answer

Use VPC flow logs. Launch a security information and event management (SIEM) solution in the VPC. Configure the SIEM solution to ingest the VPC flow logs. Run queries on the SIEM solution to identify the AWS resources that are generating the suspicious traffic.

Answer

Configure the VPC to stream the network traffic directly to an Amazon Kinesis data stream. Send the data from the Kinesis data stream to an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream to store the data in Amazon S3. Use Amazon Athena to query the data to identify the AWS resources that are generating the suspicious traffic.

Question 18

A network engineer is designing a hybrid architecture that uses a 1 Gbps AWS Direct Connect connection between the company's data center and two AWS Regions: us-east-1 and eu-west-1. The VPCs in us-east-1 are connected by a transit gateway and need to access several on-premises databases. According to company policy, only one VPC in eu-west-1 can be connected to one onpremises server. The on-premises network segments the traffic between the databases and the server.How should the network engineer set up the Direct Connect connection to meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Create one hosted connection. Use a transit VIF to connect to the transit gateway in us-east-1. Use a private VIF to connect to the VPC in eu-west-1. Use two Direct Connect gateways, one for each VIF, to route from the Direct Connect locations to the corresponding AWS Region along the path that has the lowest latency.

Answer

Create one hosted connection. Use a transit VIF to connect to the transit gateway in us-east-1. Use a private VIF to connect to the VPC in eu-west-1. Use one Direct. Connect gateway for both VIFs to route from the Direct Connect locations to the corresponding AWS Region along the path that has the lowest latency.

Answer

Create one dedicated connection. Use a transit VIF to connect to the transit gateway in us-east-1.Use a private VIF to connect to the VPC in eu-west-1. Use one Direct Connect gateway for both VIFs to route from the Direct Connect locations to the corresponding AWS Region along the path that has the lowest latency.

Answer

Create one dedicated connection. Use a transit VIF to connect to the transit gateway in us-east-1.Use a private VIF to connect to the VPC in eu-west-1. Use two Direct Connect gateways, one for each VIF, to route from the Direct Connect locations to the corresponding AWS Region along the path that has the lowest latency.

Question 19

A company uses AWS Direct Connect to connect its corporate network to multiple VPCs in the same AWS account and the same AWS Region. Each VPC uses its own private VIF and its own virtual LAN on the Direct Connect connection. The company has grown and will soon surpass the limit of VPCs and private VIFs for each connection.What is the MOST scalable way to add VPCs with on-premises connectivity?

Accepted Answer

Create a transit gateway, and attach the VPCs. Create a Direct Connect gateway, and associate it with the transit gateway. Create a transit VIF to the Direct Connect gateway.

Answer

Provision a new Direct Connect connection to handle the additional VPCs. Use the new connection to connect additional VPCs.

Answer

Create virtual private gateways for each VPC that is over the service quota. Use AWS Site-to-Site VPN to connect the virtual private gateways to the corporate network.

Answer

Create a Direct Connect gateway, and add virtual private gateway associations to the VPCs.Configure a private VIF to connect to the corporate network.

Question 20

A company recently migrated its Amazon EC2 instances to VPC private subnets to satisfy a security compliance requirement. The EC2 instances now use a NAT gateway for internet access. After the migration, some long-running database queries from private EC2 instances to a publicly accessible third-party database no longer receive responses. The database query logs reveal that the queries successfully completed after 7 minutes but that the client EC2 instances never received the response.Which configuration change should a network engineer implement to resolve this issue?

Accepted Answer

Enable TCP keepalive on the client EC2 instances with a value of less than 300 seconds.

Answer

Configure the NAT gateway timeout to allow connections for up to 600 seconds.

Answer

Enable enhanced networking on the client EC2 instances.

Answer

Close idle TCP connections through the NAT gateway.

Question 21

A company deploys a new web application on Amazon EC2 instances. The application runs in private subnets in three Availability Zones behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Security auditors require encryption of all connections. The company uses Amazon Route 53 for DNS and uses AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) to automate SSL/TLS certificate provisioning. SSL/TLS connections are terminated on the ALB.The company tests the application with a single EC2 instance and does not observe any problems.However, after production deployment, users report that they can log in but that they cannot use the application. Every new web request restarts the login process.What should a network engineer do to resolve this issue?

Accepted Answer

Modify the ALB target group configuration by enabling the stickiness attribute. Use an applicationbased cookie. Set the duration to the maximum application session length.

Answer

Modify the ALB listener configuration. Edit the rule that forwards traffic to the target group.Change the rule to enable group-level stickiness. Set the duration to the maximum application session length.

Answer

Replace the ALB with a Network Load Balancer. Create a TLS listener. Create a new target group with the protocol type set to TLS Register the EC2 instances. Modify the target group configuration by enabling the stickiness attribute.

Answer

Remove the ALB. Create an Amazon Route 53 rule with a failover routing policy for the application name. Configure ACM to issue certificates for each EC2 instance.

Question 22

A company is running multiple workloads on Amazon EC2 instances in public subnets. In a recent incident, an attacker exploited an application vulnerability on one of the EC2 instances to gain access to the instance. The company fixed the application and launched a replacement EC2 instance that contains the updated application.The attacker used the compromised application to spread malware over the internet. The company became aware of the compromise through a notification from AWS. The company needs the ability to identify when an application that is deployed on an EC2 instance is spreading malware.Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST operational effort?

Accepted Answer

Use Amazon GuardDuty to analyze traffic patterns by inspecting DNS requests and VPC flow logs.

Answer

Use Amazon GuardDuty to deploy AWS managed decoy systems that are equipped with the most recent malware signatures.

Answer

Set up a Gateway Load Balancer. Run an intrusion detection system (IDS) appliance from AWS Marketplace on Amazon EC2 for traffic inspection.

Answer

Configure Amazon Inspector to perform deep packet inspection of outgoing traffic.

Question 23

A company has two AWS accounts one for Production and one for Connectivity. A network engineer needs to connect the Production account VPC to a transit gateway in the Connectivity account. The feature to auto accept shared attachments is not enabled on the transit gateway.Which set of steps should the network engineer follow in each AWS account to meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

1. In the Production account: Create a resource share in AWS Resource Access Manager for the transit gateway. Provide the Connectivity account ID. Enable the feature to allow external accounts 2. In the Connectivity account: Accept the resource.

Answer

In the Connectivity account: Create an attachment to the VPC subnets.

Answer

In the Production account: Accept the attachment. Associate a route table with the attachment.

Answer

1. In the Production account: Create a resource share in AWS Resource Access Manager for the VPC subnets. Provide the Connectivity account ID. Enable the feature to allow external accounts.

Answer

In the Connectivity account: Accept the resource.

Answer

In the Production account: Create an attachment on the transit gateway to the VPC subnets.

Answer

In the Connectivity account: Accept the attachment. Associate a route table with the attachment.

Answer

1. In the Connectivity account: Create a resource share in AWS Resource Access Manager for the VPC subnets. Provide the Production account ID. Enable the feature to allow external accounts.

Answer

In the Production account: Accept the resource.

Answer

In the Connectivity account: Create an attachment on the transit gateway to the VPC subnets.

Answer

In the Production account: Accept the attachment. Associate a route table with the attachment.

Answer

1. In the Connectivity account: Create a resource share in AWS Resource Access Manager for the transit gateway. Provide the Production account ID Enable the feature to allow external accounts.

Answer

In the Production account: Accept the resource.

Answer

In the Production account: Create an attachment to the VPC subnets.

Answer

In the Connectivity account: Accept the attachment. Associate a route table with the attachment.

Question 24

A company plans to deploy a two-tier web application to a new VPC in a single AWS Region. The company has configured the VPC with an internet gateway and four subnets. Two of the subnets are public and have default routes that point to the internet gateway. Two of the subnets are private and share a route table that does not have a default route.The application will run on a set of Amazon EC2 instances that will be deployed behind an external Application Load Balancer. The EC2 instances must not be directly accessible from the internet. The application will use an Amazon S3 bucket in the same Region to store dat a. The application will invoke S3 GET API operations and S3 PUT API operations from the EC2 instances. A network engineer must design a VPC architecture that minimizes data transfer cost.Which solution will meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Deploy the EC2 instances in the private subnets. Create an S3 gateway endpoint in the VPSpecify die route table of the private subnets during endpoint creation to create routes to Amazon S3.

Answer

Deploy the EC2 instances in the public subnets. Create an S3 interface endpoint in the VPC. Modify the application configuration to use the S3 endpoint-specific DNS hostname.

Answer

Deploy the EC2 instances in the private subnets. Create a NAT gateway in the VPC. Create default routes in the private subnets to the NAT gateway. Connect to Amazon S3 by using the NAT gateway.

Answer

Deploy the EC2 instances in the private subnets. Create an S3 interface endpoint in the VPC.Modify the application configuration to use the S3 endpoint-specific DNS hostname.

Question 25

A network engineer needs to set up an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group to run a Linux-based network appliance in a highly available architecture. The network engineer is configuring the new launch template for the Auto Scaling group.In addition to the primary network interface the network appliance requires a second network interface that will be used exclusively by the application to exchange traffic with hosts over the internet. The company has set up a Bring Your Own IP (BYOIP) pool that includes an Elastic IP address that should be used as the public IP address for the second network interface.How can the network engineer implement the required architecture?

Accepted Answer

During creation of the Auto Scaling group, select subnets for the primary network interface. Use the user data option to run a cloud-init script to allocate a second network interface and to associate an Elastic IP address from the BYOIP pool.

Answer

Configure the two network interfaces in the launch template. Define the primary network interface to be created in one of the private subnets. For the second network interface, select one of the public subnets. Choose the BYOIP pool ID as the source of public IP addresses.

Answer

Configure the primary network interface in a private subnet in the launch template. Use the user data option to run a cloud-init script after boot to attach the second network interface from a subnet with auto-assign public IP addressing enabled.

Answer

Create an AWS Lambda function to run as a lifecycle hook of the Auto Scaling group when an instance is launching. In the Lambda function, assign a network interface to an AWS Global Accelerator endpoint.

Question 26

A company is hosting an application on Amazon EC2 instances behind a Network Load Balancer (NLB). A solutions architect added EC2 instances in a second Availability Zone to improve the availability of the application. The solutions architect added the instances to the NLB target group.The company's operations team notices that traffic is being routed only to the instances in the first Availability Zone.What is the MOST operationally efficient solution to resolve this issue?

Accepted Answer

Enable the new Availability Zone on the NLB

Answer

Create a new NLB for the instances in the second Availability Zone

Answer

Enable proxy protocol on the NLB

Answer

Create a new target group with the instances in both Availability Zones

Question 27

A media company is implementing a news website for a global audience. The website uses Amazon CloudFront as its content delivery network. The backend runs on Amazon EC2 Windows instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The instances are part of an Auto Scaling group. The company's customers access the website by using service example com as the CloudFront custom domain name. The CloudFront origin points to an ALB that uses service-alb.example.com as the domain name.The company’s security policy requires the traffic to be encrypted in transit at all times between the users and the backend.Which combination of changes must the company make to meet this security requirement? (Choose three.)

Accepted Answer

Create a certificate for service.example.com by using AWS Certificate Manager (ACM). Configure CloudFront to use this custom SSL/TLS certificate. Change the default behavior to redirect HTTP to HTTPS.

Accepted Answer

Create a public certificate from a third-party certificate provider with any domain name for the EC2 instances. Configure the backend to use this certificate for its HTTPS listener. Specify the instance target type during the creation of a new target group that uses the HTTPS protocol for its targets.Attach the existing Auto Scaling group to this new target group.

Accepted Answer

Create a certificate for service-alb.example.com by using AWS Certificate Manager (ACM). On the ALB add a new HTTPS listener that uses the new target group and the service-alb.example.com ACM certificate. Modify the CloudFront origin to use the HTTPS protocol only. Delete the HTTP listener on the ALB.

Answer

Create a self-signed certificate for service.example.com. Import the certificate into AWS Certificate Manager (ACM). Configure CloudFront to use this imported SSL/TLS certificate. Change the default behavior to redirect HTTP to HTTPS.

Answer

Create a certificate with any domain name by using AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) for the EC2 instances. Configure the backend to use this certificate for its HTTPS listener. Specify the instance target type during the creation of a new target group that uses the HTTPS protocol for its targets.Attach the existing Auto Scaling group to this new target group.

Answer

Create a self-signed certificate for service-alb.example.com. Import the certificate into AWS Certificate Manager (ACM). On the ALB add a new HTTPS listener that uses the new target group and the imported service-alb.example.com ACM certificate. Modify the CloudFront origin to use theHTTPS protocol only. Delete the HTTP listener on the ALB.

Question 28

Your organization has a newly installed 1-Gbps AWS Direct Connect connection. You order the crossconnect from the Direct Connect location provider to the port on your router in the same facility. To enable the use of your first virtual interface, your router must be configured appropriately.What are the minimum requirements for your router?

Accepted Answer

1-Gbps Single Mode Fiber Interface, 802.1Q VLAN, Peer IP Address, BGP Session with MD5.

Answer

1-Gbps Multi Mode Fiber Interface, 802.1Q VLAN, Peer IP Address, BGP Session with MD5.

Answer

IPsec Parameters, Pre-Shared key, Peer IP Address, BGP Session with MD5

Answer

BGP Session with MD5, 802.1Q VLAN, Route-Map, Prefix List, IPsec encrypted GRE Tunnel

Question 29

Your security team implements a host-based firewall on all of your Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances to block all outgoing traffic. Exceptions must be requested for each specific requirement. Until you request a new rule, you cannot access the instance metadata service. Which firewall rule should you request to be added to your instances to allow instance metadata access?

Accepted Answer

Outbound; Protocol tcp; Destination 169.254.169.254; Destination port 80

Answer

Inbound; Protocol tcp; Source [Instance’s EIP]; Destination 169.254.169.254

Answer

Inbound; Protocol tcp; Destination 169.254.169.254; Destination port 80

Answer

Outbound; Protocol tcp; Destination 169.254.169.254; Destination port 443

Question 30

A customer has set up multiple VPCs for Dev, Test, Prod, and Management. You need to set up AWS Direct Connect to enable data flow from on-premises to each VPC. The customer has monitoring software running in the Management VPC that collects metrics from the instances in all the other VPCs. Due to budget requirements, data transfer charges should be kept at minimum.Which design should be recommended?

Accepted Answer

Create a total of four private VIFs, and enable VPC peering between all VPCs.

Answer

Create a total of four private VIFs, one for each VPC owned by the customer, and route traffic between VPCs using the Direct Connect link.

Answer

Create a private VIF to the Management VPC, and peer this VPC to all other VPCs.

Answer

Create a private VIF to the Management VPC, and peer this VPC to all other VPCs, enable source/destination NAT in the Management VPC.

Question 31

Your company runs an application for the US market in the us-east-1 AWS region. This application uses proprietary TCP and UDP protocols on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances. End users run a real-time, front-end application on their local PCs. This front-end application knows the DNS hostname of the service.You must prepare the system for global expansion. The end users must access the application with lowest latency.How should you use AWS services to meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Set the Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) load balancer in front of the hosts of the service, and register the ELB name of the main service host as an ALIAS record with a latency-based routing policy in Route 53.

Answer

Register the IP addresses of the service hosts as “A” records with latency-based routing policy in Amazon Route 53, and set a Route 53 health check for these hosts.

Answer

Set Amazon CloudFront in front of the host of the service, and register the CloudFront name of the main service as an ALIAS record in Route 53.

Answer

Set the Amazon API gateway in front of the service, and register the API gateway name of the main service as an ALIAS record in Route 53.

Question 32

You deploy an Amazon EC2 instance that runs a web server into a subnet in a VPC. An Internet gateway is attached, and the main route table has a default route (0.0.0.0/0) configured with a target of the Internet gateway.The instance has a security group configured to allow as follows:Protocol: TCPPort: 80 inbound, nothing outboundThe Network ACL for the subnet is configured to allow as follows:Protocol: TCPPort: 80 inbound, nothing outboundWhen you try to browse to the web server, you receive no response.Which additional step should you take to receive a successful response?

Accepted Answer

Add an entry to the Network ACL outbound rules for Protocol: TCP, Port Range: 1024-65535

Answer

Add an entry to the security group outbound rules for Protocol: TCP, Port Range: 80

Answer

Add an entry to the security group outbound rules for Protocol: TCP, Port Range: 1024-65535

Answer

Add an entry to the Network ACL outbound rules for Protocol: TCP, Port Range: 80

Question 33

An organization launched an IPv6-only web portal to support IPv6-native mobile clients. Front-end instances launch in an Amazon VPC associated with an appropriate IPv6 CIDR. The VPC IPv4 CIDR is fully utilized. A single subnet exists in each of two Availability Zones with appropriately configured IPv6 CIDR associations. Auto Scaling is properly configured, and no Elastic Load Balancing is used.Customers say the service is unavailable during peak load times. The network engineer attempts to launch an instance manually and receives the following message: “There are not enough free addresses in subnet ‘subnet-12345677’ to satisfy the requested number of instances.” What action will resolve the availability problem?

Accepted Answer

Create a new subnet using a VPC secondary IPv4 CIDR, and associate an IPv6 CIDR. Include the new subnet in the Auto Scaling group.

Answer

Create a new subnet using a VPC secondary IPv6 CIDR, and associate an IPv6 CIDR. Include the new subnet in the Auto Scaling group.

Answer

Resize the IPv6 CIDR on each of the existing subnets. Modify the Auto Scaling group maximum number of instances.

Answer

Add a secondary IPv4 CIDR to the Amazon VPC. Assign secondary IPv4 address space to each of the existing subnets.

Question 34

An organization is replacing a tape backup system with a storage gateway. there is currently no connectivity to AWS. Initial testing is needed.What connection option should the organization use to get up and running at minimal cost?

Accepted Answer

Use an internet connection.

Answer

Set up an AWS VPN connection.

Answer

Provision an AWS Direct Connection private virtual interface.

Answer

Provision a Direct Connect public virtual interface.

Question 35

All IP addresses within a 10.0.0.0/16 VPC are fully utilized with application servers across two Availability Zones. The application servers need to send frequent UDP probes to a single central authentication server on the Internet to confirm that is running up-to-date packages. The network is designed for application servers to use a single NAT gateway for internal access. Testing reveals that a few of the servers are unable to communicate with the authentication server.

Accepted Answer

The NAT gateway cannot allocate more ports.

Answer

The NAT gateway does not support UDP traffic.

Answer

The authentication server is not accepting traffic.

Answer

The NAT gateway is launched in a private subnet.

Question 36

An organization is using a VPC endpoint for Amazon S3. When the security group rules for a set of instances were initially configured, access was restricted to allow traffic only to the IP addresses of the Amazon S3 API endpoints in the region from the published JSON file. The application was working properly, but now is logging a growing number of timeouts when connecting with Amazon S3. No internet gateway is configured for the VPC.Which solution will fix the connectivity failures with the LEAST amount of effort?

Accepted Answer

Update the application server’s outbound security group to use the prefix-list for Amazon S3 in the same region.

Answer

Create a Lambda function to update the security group based on AmazonIPSpaceChanged notifications.

Answer

Update the VPC routing to direct Amazon S3 prefix-list traffic to the VPC endpoint using the route table APIs.

Answer

Create an additional VPC endpoint for Amazon S3 in the same route table to scale the concurrent connections to Amazon.

Question 37

A bank built a new version of its banking application in AWS using containers that content to an onpremises database over VPN connection. This application version requires users to also update their client application. The bank plans to deprecate the earlier client version. However, the company wants to keep supporting earlier clients through their on-premises version of the application to serve a small portion of the customers who haven’t yet upgraded.What design will allow the company to serve both newer and earlier clients in the MOST efficient way?

Accepted Answer

Use an Application Load Balancer for the new application. Register both the new and earlier application backends as separate target groups. Use header-based routing to route traffic based on the application version.

Answer

Use an Amazon Route 53 multivalue answer routing policy to route older client traffic to the onpremises application version and the rest of the traffic to the new AWS based version.

Answer

Use a Classic Load Balancer for the new application. Route all traffic to the new application by using an Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) load balancer DNS. Define a user-agent-based rule on the backend servers to redirect earlier clients to the on-premises application.

Answer

Use an Application Load Balancer for the new application. Register both the new and earlier applications as separate target groups and use path-based routing to route traffic based on the application version.

Question 38

A company is deploying a non-web application on an AWS load balancer. All targets are servers located on-premises that can be accessed by using AWS Direct Connect. The company wants to ensure that the source IP addresses of clients connecting to the application are passed all the way to the end server.How can this requirement be achieved?

Accepted Answer

Use a Network Load Balancer and enable the ProxyProtocol v2 attribute.

Answer

Use a Network Load Balancer to automatically preserve the source IP address.

Answer

Use a Network Load Balancer and enable the X-Forwarded-For attribute.

Answer

Use an Application Load Balancer to automatically preserve the source IP address in the XForwarded- For header.

Question 39

An AWS CloudFormation template is being used to create a VPC peering connection between two existing operational VPCs, each belonging to a different AWS account. All necessary components in the ‘Remote’ (receiving) account are already in place.The template below creates the VPC peering connection in the Originating account. It contains these components:AWSTemplateFormation Version: 2010-09-09Parameters:Originating VCId:Type: StringRemoteVPCId:Type: StringRemoteVPCAccountId:Type: StringResources: newVPCPeeringConnection:Type: ‘AWS::EC2::VPCPeeringConnection’Properties:VpcdId: !Ref OriginatingVPCIdPeerVpcId: !Ref RemoteVPCIdPeerOwnerId: !Ref RemoteVPCAccountIdWhich additional AWS CloudFormation components are necessary in the Originating account to create an operational cross-account VPC peering connection with AWS CloudFormation? (Select two.)

Accepted Answer

Resources:newEC2Route:Type: AWS::EC2::Route

Accepted Answer

Resources:newVPCPeeringConnection:Type: ‘AWS::EC2VPCPeeringConnection’PeerRoleArn: !Ref PeerRoleArn

Answer

Resources:NewEC2SecurityGroup:Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup

Answer

Resources:NetworkInterfaceToRemoteVPC:Type: “AWS::EC2NetworkInterface”

Answer

Resources:VPCGatewayToRemoteVPC:Type: “AWS::EC2::VPCGatewayAttachment”

Question 40

A Network Engineer is provisioning a subnet for a load balancer that will sit in front of a fleet of application servers in a private subnet. There is limited IP space left in the VPC CIDR. The application has few users now but is expected to grow quickly to millions of users. What design will use the LEAST amount of IP space, while allowing for this growth?

Accepted Answer

Use two /28 subnets for a Network Load Balancer in different Availability Zones.

Answer

Use two /29 subnets for an Application Load Balancer in different Availability Zones.

Answer

Use one /29 subnet for the Network Load Balancer. Add another VPC CIDR to the VPC to allow for future growth.

Answer

Use one /28 subnet for an Application Load Balancer. Add another VPC CIDR to the VPC to allow for future growth.

Amazon ANS-C01 Practice Test 2

Amazon ANS-C01 Practice Tests

Amazon ANS-C01 Practice Test 2

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Amazon ANS-C01 Practice Tests

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