Quiz IT certification exam

Question 1

A video-sharing company stores its videos in Amazon S3. The company has observed a sudden increase in video access requests, but the company does not know which videos are most popular. The company needs to identify the general access pattern for the video files. This pattern includes the number of users who access a certain file on a given day, as well as the numb A DevOps engineer manages a large commercial website that runs on Amazon EC2 The website uses Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to collect and process web togs The DevOps engineer manages the Kinesis consumer application, which also runs on Amazon EC2

Sudden increases of data cause the Kinesis consumer application to (all behind and the Kinesis data streams drop records before the records can be processed The DevOps engineer must implement a solution to improve stream handling

Which solution meets these requirements with the MOST operational efficiency''

er of pull requests for certain files.

How can the company meet these requirements with the LEAST amount of effort?

Accepted Answer

Activate S3 server access logging. Use Amazon Athena to create an external table with the log files. Use Athena to create a SQL query to analyze the access patterns.

Answer

Activate S3 server access logging. Import the access logs into an Amazon Aurora database. Use an Aurora SQL query to analyze the access patterns.

Answer

Invoke an AWS Lambda function for every S3 object access event. Configure the Lambda function to write the file access information, such as user. S3 bucket, and file key, to an Amazon Aurora database. Use an Aurora SQL query to analyze the access patterns.

Answer

Record an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log message for every S3 object access event. Configure a CloudWatch Logs log stream to write the file access information, such as user, S3 bucket, and file key, to an Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics for SQL application. Perform a sliding window analysis.

Question 2

A development team wants to use AWS CloudFormation stacks to deploy an application. However, the developer IAM role does not have the required permissions to provision the resources that are specified in the AWS CloudFormation template. A DevOps engineer needs to implement a solution that allows the developers to deploy the stacks. The solution must follow the principle of least privilege.Which solution will meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Create an AWS CloudFormation service role that has the required permissions. Grant the developer IAM role the iam:PassRole permission. Use the new service role during stack deployments.

Answer

Create an IAM policy that allows the developers to provision the required resources. Attach the policy to the developer IAM role.

Answer

Create an IAM policy that allows full access to AWS CloudFormation. Attach the policy to the developer IAM role.

Answer

Create an AWS CloudFormation service role that has the required permissions. Grant the developer IAM role a cloudformation:* action. Use the new service role during stack deployments.

Question 3

A production account has a requirement that any Amazon EC2 instance that has been logged in to manually must be terminated within 24 hours. All applications in the production account are using Auto Scaling groups with the Amazon CloudWatch Logs agent configured.How can this process be automated?

Accepted Answer

Create a CloudWatch Logs subscription to an AWS Lambda function. Configure the function to add a tag to the EC2 instance that produced the login event and mark the instance to be decommissioned. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke a daily Lambda function that terminates all instances with this tag.

Answer

Create a CloudWatch Logs subscription to an AWS Step Functions application. Configure an AWS Lambda function to add a tag to the EC2 instance that produced the login event and mark the instance to be decommissioned. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke a second Lambda function once a day that will terminate all instances with this tag.

Answer

Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm that will be invoked by the login event. Send the notification to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic that the operations team is subscribed to, and have them terminate the EC2 instance within 24 hours.

Answer

Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm that will be invoked by the login event. Configure the alarm to send to an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue. Use a group of worker instances to process messages from the queue, which then schedules an Amazon EventBridge rule to be invoked.

Question 4

A company is using AWS CodePipeline to automate its release pipeline. AWS CodeDeploy is being used in the pipeline to deploy an application to Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) using the blue/green deployment model. The company wants to implement scripts to test the green version of the application before shifting traffic. These scripts will complete in 5 minutes or less. If errors are discovered during these tests, the application must be rolled back.Which strategy will meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Add a hooks section to the CodeDeploy AppSpec file. Use the AfterAllowTestTraffic lifecycle event to invoke an AWS Lambda function to run the test scripts. If errors are found, exit the Lambda function with an error to initiate rollback.

Answer

Add a stage to the CodePipeline pipeline between the source and deploy stages. Use AWS CodeBuild to create a runtime environment and build commands in the buildspec file to invoke test scripts. If errors are found, use the aws deploy stop-deployment command to stop the deployment.

Answer

Add a stage to the CodePipeline pipeline between the source and deploy stages. Use this stage to invoke an AWS Lambda function that will run the test scripts. If errors are found, use the aws deploy stop-deployment command to stop the deployment.

Answer

Add a hooks section to the CodeDeploy AppSpec file. Use the AfterAllowTraffic lifecycle event to invoke the test scripts. If errors are found, use the aws deploy stop-deployment CLI command to stop the deployment.

Question 5

A company uses AWS Storage Gateway in file gateway mode in front of an Amazon S3 bucket that is used by multiple resources. In the morning when business begins, users do not see the objects processed by a third party the previous evening. When a DevOps engineer looks directly at the S3 bucket, the data is there, but it is missing in Storage Gateway.Which solution ensures that all the updated third-party files are available in the morning?

Accepted Answer

Configure a nightly Amazon EventBridge event to invoke an AWS Lambda function to run the RefreshCache command for Storage Gateway.

Answer

Instruct the third party to put data into the S3 bucket using AWS Transfer for SFTP.

Answer

Modify Storage Gateway to run in volume gateway mode.

Answer

Use S3 Same-Region Replication to replicate any changes made directly in the S3 bucket to Storage Gateway.

Question 6

A DevOps engineer needs to back up sensitive Amazon S3 objects that are stored within an S3 bucket with a private bucket policy using S3 cross-Region replication functionality. The objects need to be copied to a target bucket in a different AWS Region and account.Which combination of actions should be performed to enable this replication? (Choose three.)

Accepted Answer

Create a replication IAM role in the source account

Accepted Answer

Add statements to the target bucket policy allowing the replication IAM role to replicate objects.

Accepted Answer

Create a replication rule in the source bucket to enable the replication.

Answer

Create a replication I AM role in the target account.

Answer

Add statements to the source bucket policy allowing the replication IAM role to replicate objects.

Answer

Create a replication rule in the target bucket to enable the replication.

Question 7

A company has multiple member accounts that are part of an organization in AWS Organizations. The security team needs to review every Amazon EC2 security group and their inbound and outbound rules. The security team wants to programmatically retrieve this information from the member accounts using an AWS Lambda function in the management account of the organization.Which combination of access changes will meet these requirements? (Choose three.)

Accepted Answer

Create a trust relationship that allows users in the management account to assume the IAM roles of the member accounts.

Accepted Answer

Create an IAM role in each member account that has access to the AmazonEC2ReadOnlyAccess managed policy.

Accepted Answer

Create an I AM role in the management account that allows the sts:AssumeRole action against the member account IAM role's ARN.

Answer

Create a trust relationship that allows users in the member accounts to assume the management account IAM role.

Answer

Create an I AM role in each member account to allow the sts:AssumeRole action against the management account IAM role's ARN.

Answer

Create an IAM role in the management account that has access to the AmazonEC2ReadOnlyAccess managed policy.

Question 8

A space exploration company receives telemetry data from multiple satellites. Small packets of data are received through Amazon API Gateway and are placed directly into an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) standard queue. A custom application is subscribed to the queue and transforms the data into a standard format.Because of inconsistencies in the data that the satellites produce, the application is occasionally unable to transform the data.  In these cases, the messages remain in the SQS queue. A DevOps engineer must develop a solution that retains the failed messages and makes them available to scientists for review and future processing.Which solution will meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Create an SQS dead-letter queue. Modify the existing queue by including a redrive policy that sets the Maximum Receives setting to 1 and sets the dead-letter queue ARN to the ARN of the newly created queue. Instruct the scientists to use the dead-letter queue to review the data that is not valid. Reprocess this data at a later time.

Answer

Configure AWS Lambda to poll the SQS queue and invoke a Lambda function to check whether the queue messages are valid. If validation fails, send a copy of the data that is not valid to an Amazon S3 bucket so that the scientists can review and correct the data. When the data is corrected, amend the message in the SQS queue by using a replay Lambda function with the corrected data.

Answer

Convert the SQS standard queue to an SQS FIFO queue. Configure AWS Lambda to poll the SQS queue every 10 minutes by using an Amazon EventBridge schedule. Invoke the Lambda function to identify any messages with a SentTimestamp value that is older than 5 minutes, push the data to the same location as the application's output location, and remove the messages from the queue.

Answer

Configure API Gateway to send messages to different SQS virtual queues that are named for each of the satellites. Update the application to use a new virtual queue for any data that it cannot transform, and send the message to the new virtual queue. Instruct the scientists to use the virtual queue to review the data that is not valid. Reprocess this data at a later time.

Question 9

A company wants to use AWS CloudFormation for infrastructure deployment. The company has strict tagging and resource requirements and wants to limit the deployment to two Regions. Developers will need to deploy multiple versions of the same application.Which solution ensures resources are deployed in accordance with company policy?

Accepted Answer

Create AWS Service Catalog products with approved CloudFormation templates.

Answer

Create AWS Trusted Advisor checks to find and remediate unapproved CloudFormation StackSets.

Answer

Create a Cloud Formation drift detection operation to find and remediate unapproved CloudFormation StackSets.

Answer

Create CloudFormation StackSets with approved CloudFormation templates.

Question 10

A company requires that its internally facing web application be highly available. The architecture is made up of one Amazon EC2 web server instance and one NAT instance that provides outbound internet access for updates and accessing public data.Which combination of architecture adjustments should the company implement to achieve high availability? (Choose two.)

Accepted Answer

Create additional EC2 instances spanning multiple Availability Zones. Add an Application Load Balancer to split the load between them.

Accepted Answer

Replace the NAT instance with a NAT gateway in each Availability Zone. Update the route tables.

Answer

Add the NAT instance to an EC2 Auto Scaling group that spans multiple Availability Zones. Update the route tables.

Answer

Configure an Application Load Balancer in front of the EC2 instance. Configure Amazon CloudWatch alarms to recover the EC2 instance upon host failure.

Answer

Replace the NAT instance with a NAT gateway that spans multiple Availability Zones. Update the route tables.

Question 11

A company has enabled all features for its organization in AWS Organizations. The organization contains 10 AWS accounts. The company has turned on AWS CloudTrail in all the accounts. The company expects the number of AWS accounts in the organization to increase to 500 during the next year. The company plans to use multiple OUs for these accounts.The company has enabled AWS Config in each existing AWS account in the organization. A DevOps engineer must implement a solution that enables AWS Config automatically for all future AWS accounts that are created in the organization.Which solution will meet this requirement?

Accepted Answer

In the organization's management account, create an AWS CloudFormation stack set to enable AWS Config. Configure the stack set to deploy automatically when an account is created through Organizations.

Answer

In the organization's management account, create an Amazon EventBridge rule that reacts to a CreateAccount API call. Configure the rule to invoke an AWS Lambda function that enables trusted access to AWS Config for the organization.

Answer

In the organization's management account, create an SCP that allows the appropriate AWS Config API calls to enable AWS Config. Apply the SCP to the root-level OU.

Answer

In the organization's management account, create an Amazon EventBridge rule that reacts to a CreateAccount API call. Configure the rule to invoke an AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook to enable AWS Config for the account.

Question 12

A company has many applications. Different teams in the company developed the applications by using multiple languages and frameworks. The applications run on premises and on different servers with different operating systems. Each team has its own release protocol and process. The company wants to reduce the complexity of the release and maintenance of these applications.The company is migrating its technology stacks, including these applications, to AWS. The company wants centralized control of source code, a consistent and automatic delivery pipeline, and as few maintenance tasks as possible on the underlying infrastructure.What should a DevOps engineer do to meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Create one AWS CodeCommit repository for each of the applications. Use AWS CodeBuild to build one Docker image for each application in Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR). Use AWS CodeDeploy to deploy the applications to Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) on infrastructure that AWS Fargate manages.

Answer

Create one AWS CodeCommit repository for all applications. Put each application's code in a different branch. Merge the branches, and use AWS CodeBuild to build the applications. Use AWS CodeDeploy to deploy the applications to one centralized application server.

Answer

Create one AWS CodeCommit repository for each of the applications. Use AWS CodeBuild to build the applications one at a time. Use AWS CodeDeploy to deploy the applications to one centralized application server.

Answer

Create one AWS CodeCommit repository for each of the applications. Use AWS CodeBuild to build the applications one at a time and to create one AMI for each server. Use AWS CloudFormation StackSets to automatically provision and decommission Amazon EC2 fleets by using these AMIs.

Question 13

A company's application is currently deployed to a single AWS Region. Recently, the company opened a new office on a different continent. The users in the new office are experiencing high latency. The company's application runs on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) and uses Amazon DynamoDB as the database layer. The instances run in an EC2 Auto Scaling group across multiple Availability Zones. A DevOps engineer is tasked with minimizing application response times and improving availability for users in both Regions.Which combination of actions should be taken to address the latency issues? (Choose three.)

Accepted Answer

Create new ALB and Auto Scaling group resources in the new Region and configure the new ALB to direct traffic to the new Auto Scaling group.

Accepted Answer

Create Amazon Route 53 records, health checks, and latency-based routing policies to route to the ALB.

Accepted Answer

Convert the DynamoDB table to a global table.

Answer

Create a new DynamoDB table in the new Region with cross-Region replication enabled.

Answer

Create new ALB and Auto Scaling group global resources and configure the new ALB to direct traffic to the new Auto Scaling group.

Answer

Create Amazon Route 53 aliases, health checks, and failover routing policies to route to the ALB.

Question 14

A DevOps engineer needs to apply a core set of security controls to an existing set of AWS accounts. The accounts are in an organization in AWS Organizations. Individual teams will administer individual accounts by using the AdministratorAccess AWS managed policy. For all accounts. AWS CloudTrail and AWS Config must be turned on in all available AWS Regions. Individual account administrators must not be able to edit or delete any of the baseline resources. However, individual account administrators must be able to edit or delete their own CloudTrail trails and AWS Config rules.Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient way?

Accepted Answer

Create an AWS CloudFormation template that defines the standard account resources. Deploy the template to all accounts from the organization's management account by using Cloud Formation StackSets Create an SCP that prevents updates or deletions to CloudTrail resources or AWS Config resources unless the principal is an administrator of the organization's management account.

Answer

Create an AWS CloudFormation template that defines the standard account resources. Deploy the template to all accounts from the organization's management account by using CloudFormation StackSets. Set the stack policy to deny Update:Delete actions.

Answer

Enable AWS Control Tower. Enroll the existing accounts in AWS Control Tower. Grant the individual account administrators access to CloudTrail and AWS Config.

Answer

Designate an AWS Config management account. Create AWS Config recorders in all accounts by using AWS CloudFormation StackSets. Deploy AWS Config rules to the organization by using the AWS Config management account. Create a CloudTrail organization trail in the organization's management account. Deny modification or deletion of the AWS Config recorders by using an SCP.

Question 15

A company has a mobile application that makes HTTP API calls to an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The ALB routes requests to an AWS Lambda function. Many different versions of the application are in use at any given time, including versions that are in testing by a subset of users. The version of the application is defined in the user-agent header that is sent with all requests to the API.After a series of recent changes to the API, the company has observed issues with the application. The company needs to gather a metric for each API operation by response code for each version of the application that is in use. A DevOps engineer has modified the Lambda function to extract the API operation name, version information from the user-agent header and response code.Which additional set of actions should the DevOps engineer take to gather the required metrics?

Accepted Answer

Modify the Lambda function to write the API operation name, response code, and version number as a log line to an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group. Configure a CloudWatch Logs metric filter that increments a metric for each API operation name. Specify response code and application version as dimensions for the metric.

Answer

Modify the Lambda function to write the API operation name, response code, and version number as a log line to an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group. Configure a CloudWatch Logs Insights query to populate CloudWatch metrics from the log lines. Specify response code and application version as dimensions for the metric.

Answer

Configure the ALB access logs to write to an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group. Modify the Lambda function to respond to the ALB with the API operation name, response code, and version number as response metadata. Configure a CloudWatch Logs metric filter that increments a metric for each API operation name. Specify response code and application version as dimensions for the metric.

Answer

Configure AWS X-Ray integration on the Lambda function. Modify the Lambda function to create an X-Ray subsegment with the API operation name, response code, and version number. Configure X-Ray insights to extract an aggregated metric for each API operation name and to publish the metric to Amazon CloudWatch. Specify response code and application version as dimensions for the metric.

Question 16

A company provides an application to customers. The application has an Amazon API Gateway REST API that invokes an AWS Lambda function. On initialization, the Lambda function loads a large amount of data from an Amazon DynamoDB table. The data load process results in long cold-start times of 8-10 seconds. The DynamoDB table has DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) configured.Customers report that the application intermittently takes a long time to respond to requests. The application receives thousands of requests throughout the day. In the middle of the day, the application experiences 10 times more requests than at any other time of the day. Near the end of the day, the application's request volume decreases to 10% of its normal total.A DevOps engineer needs to reduce the latency of the Lambda function at all times of the day.Which solution will meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Configure provisioned concurrency on the Lambda function. Configure AWS Application Auto Scaling on the Lambda function with provisioned concurrency values set to a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 100.

Answer

Configure provisioned concurrency on the Lambda function with a concurrency value of 1. Delete the DAX cluster for the DynamoDB table.

Answer

Configure reserved concurrency on the Lambda function with a concurrency value of 0.

Answer

Configure reserved concurrency on the Lambda function. Configure AWS Application Auto Scaling on the API Gateway API with a reserved concurrency maximum value of 100.

Question 17

A company is adopting AWS CodeDeploy to automate its application deployments for a Java-Apache Tomcat application with an Apache Webserver. The development team started with a proof of concept, created a deployment group for a developer environment, and performed functional tests within the application. After completion, the team will create additional deployment groups for staging and production.The current log level is configured within the Apache settings, but the team wants to change this configuration dynamically when the deployment occurs, so that they can set different log level configurations depending on the deployment group without having a different application revision for each group.How can these requirements be met with the LEAST management overhead and without requiring different script versions for each deployment group?

Accepted Answer

Create a script that uses the CodeDeploy environment variable DEPLOYMENT_GROUP_ NAME to identify which deployment group the instance is part of. Use this information to configure the log level settings. Reference this script as part of the BeforeInstall lifecycle hook in the appspec.yml file.

Answer

Tag the Amazon EC2 instances depending on the deployment group. Then place a script into the application revision that calls the metadata service and the EC2 API to identify which deployment group the instance is part of. Use this information to configure the log level settings. Reference the script as part of the AfterInstall lifecycle hook in the appspec.yml file.

Answer

Create a CodeDeploy custom environment variable for each environment. Then place a script into the application revision that checks this environment variable to identify which deployment group the instance is part of. Use this information to configure the log level settings. Reference this script as part of the ValidateService lifecycle hook in the appspec.yml file.

Answer

Create a script that uses the CodeDeploy environment variable DEPLOYMENT_GROUP_ID to identify which deployment group the instance is part of to configure the log level settings. Reference this script as part of the Install lifecycle hook in the appspec.yml file.

Question 18

A company requires its developers to tag all Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes in an account to indicate a desired backup frequency. This requirement Includes EBS volumes that do not require backups. The company uses custom tags named Backup_Frequency that have values of none, dally, or weekly that correspond to the desired backup frequency. An audit finds that developers are occasionally not tagging the EBS volumes.A DevOps engineer needs to ensure that all EBS volumes always have the Backup_Frequency tag so that the company can perform backups at least weekly unless a different value is specified.Which solution will meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Set up AWS Config in the account. Use a managed rule that returns a compliance failure for EC2::Volume resources that do not have a Backup Frequency tag applied. Configure a remediation action that uses a custom AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook to apply the Backup_Frequency tag with a value of weekly.

Answer

Set up AWS Config in the account. Create a custom rule that returns a compliance failure for all Amazon EC2 resources that do not have a Backup Frequency tag applied. Configure a remediation action that uses a custom AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook to apply the Backup_Frequency tag with a value of weekly.

Answer

Turn on AWS CloudTrail in the account. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that reacts to EBS CreateVolume events. Configure a custom AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook to apply the Backup_Frequency tag with a value of weekly. Specify the runbook as the target of the rule.

Answer

Turn on AWS CloudTrail in the account. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that reacts to EBS CreateVolume events or EBS ModifyVolume events. Configure a custom AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook to apply the Backup_Frequency tag with a value of weekly. Specify the runbook as the target of the rule.

Question 19

A company is using an Amazon Aurora cluster as the data store for its application. The Aurora cluster is configured with a single DB instance. The application performs read and write operations on the database by using the cluster's instance endpoint.The company has scheduled an update to be applied to the cluster during an upcoming maintenance window. The cluster must remain available with the least possible interruption during the maintenance window.What should a DevOps engineer do to meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Turn on the Multi-AZ option on the Aurora cluster. Update the application to use the Aurora cluster endpoint for write operations. Update the Aurora cluster's reader endpoint for reads.

Answer

Add a reader instance to the Aurora cluster. Update the application to use the Aurora cluster endpoint for write operations. Update the Aurora cluster's reader endpoint for reads.

Answer

Add a reader instance to the Aurora cluster. Create a custom ANY endpoint for the cluster. Update the application to use the Aurora cluster's custom ANY endpoint for read and write operations.

Answer

Turn on the Multi-AZ option on the Aurora cluster. Create a custom ANY endpoint for the cluster. Update the application to use the Aurora cluster's custom ANY endpoint for read and write operations.

Question 20

A company must encrypt all AMIs that the company shares across accounts. A DevOps engineer has access to a source account where an unencrypted custom AMI has been built. The DevOps engineer also has access to a target account where an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group will launch EC2 instances from the AMI. The DevOps engineer must share the AMI with the target account.The company has created an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key in the source account.Which additional steps should the DevOps engineer perform to meet the requirements? (Choose three.)

Accepted Answer

In the source account, copy the unencrypted AMI to an encrypted AMI. Specify the KMS key in the copy action.

Accepted Answer

In the source account, modify the key policy to give the target account permissions to create a grant. In the target account, create a KMS grant that delegates permissions to the Auto Scaling group service-linked role.

Accepted Answer

In the source account, share the encrypted AMI with the target account.

Answer

In the source account, copy the unencrypted AMI to an encrypted AMI. Specify the default Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) encryption key in the copy action.

Answer

In the source account, create a KMS grant that delegates permissions to the Auto Scaling group service-linked role in the target account.

Answer

In the source account, share the unencrypted AMI with the target account.

Question 21

A company uses AWS CodePipeline pipelines to automate releases of its application A typical pipeline consists of three stages build, test, and deployment. The company has been using a separate AWS CodeBuild project to run scripts for each stage. However, the company now wants to use AWS CodeDeploy to handle the deployment stage of the pipelines.The company has packaged the application as an RPM package and must deploy the application to a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances. The EC2 instances are in an EC2 Auto Scaling group and are launched from a common AMI.Which combination of steps should a DevOps engineer perform to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

Accepted Answer

Create a new version of the common AMI with the CodeDeploy agent installed. Update the IAM role of the EC2 instances to allow access to CodeDeploy.

Accepted Answer

Create an application in CodeDeploy. Configure an in-place deployment type. Specify the Auto Scaling group as the deployment target. Update the CodePipeline pipeline to use the CodeDeploy action to deploy the application.

Answer

Create a new version of the common AMI with the CodeDeploy agent installed. Create an AppSpec file that contains application deployment scripts and grants access to CodeDeploy.

Answer

Create an application in CodeDeploy. Configure an in-place deployment type. Specify the Auto Scaling group as the deployment target. Add a step to the CodePipeline pipeline to use EC2 Image Builder to create a new AMI. Configure CodeDeploy to deploy the newly created AMI.

Answer

Create an application in CodeDeploy. Configure an in-place deployment type. Specify the EC2 instances that are launched from the common AMI as the deployment target. Update the CodePipeline pipeline to use the CodeDeploy action to deploy the application.

Question 22

A company's security team requires that all external Application Load Balancers (ALBs) and Amazon API Gateway APIs are associated with AWS WAF web ACLs. The company has hundreds of AWS accounts, all of which are included in a single organization in AWS Organizations. The company has configured AWS Config for the organization. During an audit, the company finds some externally facing ALBs that are not associated with AWS WAF web ACLs.Which combination of steps should a DevOps engineer take to prevent future violations? (Choose two.)

Accepted Answer

Delegate AWS Firewall Manager to a security account.

Accepted Answer

Create an AWS Firewall Manager policy to attach AWS WAF web ACLs to any newly created ALBs and API Gateway APIs.

Answer

Delegate Amazon GuardDuty to a security account.

Answer

Create an Amazon GuardDuty policy to attach AWS WAF web ACLs to any newly created ALBs and API Gateway APIs.

Answer

Configure an AWS Config managed rule to attach AWS WAF web ACLs to any newly created ALBs and API Gateway APIs.

Question 23

A company uses AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) keys and manual key rotation to meet regulatory compliance requirements. The security team wants to be notified when any keys have not been rotated after 90 days.Which solution will accomplish this?

Accepted Answer

Develop an AWS Config custom rule that publishes to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic when keys are more than 90 days old.

Answer

Configure AWS KMS to publish to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic when keys are more than 90 days old.

Answer

Configure an Amazon EventBridge event to launch an AWS Lambda function to call the AWS Trusted Advisor API and publish to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic.

Answer

Configure AWS Security Hub to publish to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic when keys are more than 90 days old.

Question 24

A security review has identified that an AWS CodeBuild project is downloading a database population script from an Amazon S3 bucket using an unauthenticated request. The security team does not allow unauthenticated requests to S3 buckets for this project.How can this issue be corrected in the MOST secure manner?

Accepted Answer

Remove unauthenticated access from the S3 bucket with a bucket policy. Modify the service role for the CodeBuild project to include Amazon S3 access. Use the AWS CLI to download the database population script.

Answer

Add the bucket name to the AllowedBuckets section of the CodeBuild project settings. Update the build spec to use the AWS CLI to download the database population script.

Answer

Modify the S3 bucket settings to enable HTTPS basic authentication and specify a token. Update the build spec to use cURL to pass the token and download the database population script.

Answer

Remove unauthenticated access from the S3 bucket with a bucket policy. Use the AWS CLI to download the database population script using an IAM access key and a secret access key.

Question 25

An ecommerce company has chosen AWS to host its new platform. The company's DevOps team has started building an AWS Control Tower landing zone. The DevOps team has set the identity store within AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) to external identity provider (IdP) and has configured SAML 2.0.The DevOps team wants a robust permission model that applies the principle of least privilege. The model must allow the team to build and manage only the team's own resources.Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Choose three.)

Accepted Answer

Create permission sets. Attach an inline policy that includes the required permissions and uses the aws:PrincipalTag condition key to scope the permissions.

Accepted Answer

Create a group in the IdP. Place users in the group. Assign the group to accounts and the permission sets in IAM Identity Center.

Accepted Answer

Enable attributes for access control in IAM Identity Center. Map attributes from the IdP as key-value pairs.

Answer

Create IAM policies that include the required permissions. Include the aws:PrincipalTag condition key.

Answer

Create a group in the IdP. Place users in the group. Assign the group to OUs and IAM policies.

Answer

Enable attributes for access control in IAM Identity Center. Apply tags to users. Map the tags as key-value pairs.

Question 26

An ecommerce company is receiving reports that its order history page is experiencing delays in reflecting the processing status of orders. The order processing system consists of an AWS Lambda function that uses reserved concurrency. The Lambda function processes order messages from an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue and inserts processed orders into an Amazon DynamoDB table. The DynamoDB table has auto scaling enabled for read and write capacity.Which actions should a DevOps engineer take to resolve this delay? (Choose two.)

Accepted Answer

Check the ApproximateAgeOfOldestMessage metric for the SQS queue. Increase the Lambda function concurrency limit.

Accepted Answer

Check the WriteThrottleEvents metric for the DynamoDB table. Increase the maximum write capacity units (WCUs) for the table's scaling policy.

Answer

Check the ApproximateAgeOfOldestMessage metnc for the SQS queue Configure a redrive policy on the SQS queue.

Answer

Check the NumberOfMessagesSent metric for the SQS queue. Increase the SQS queue visibility timeout.

Answer

Check the Throttles metric for the Lambda function. Increase the Lambda function timeout.

Question 27

A company has a single AWS account that runs hundreds of Amazon EC2 instances in a single AWS Region. New EC2 instances are launched and terminated each hour in the account. The account also includes existing EC2 instances that have been running for longer than a week.The company's security policy requires all running EC2 instances to use an EC2 instance profile. If an EC2 instance does not have an instance profile attached, the EC2 instance must use a default instance profile that has no IAM permissions assigned.A DevOps engineer reviews the account and discovers EC2 instances that are running without an instance profile. During the review, the DevOps engineer also observes that new EC2 instances are being launched without an instance profile.Which solution will ensure that an instance profile is attached to all existing and future EC2 instances in the Region?

Accepted Answer

Configure the ec2-instance-profile-attached AWS Config managed rule with a trigger type of configuration changes. Configure an automatic remediation action that invokes an AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook to attach the default instance profile to the EC2 instances.

Answer

Configure an Amazon EventBridge rule that reacts to EC2 RunInstances API calls. Configure the rule to invoke an AWS Lambda function to attach the default instance profile to the EC2 instances.

Answer

Configure an Amazon EventBridge rule that reacts to EC2 StartInstances API calls. Configure the rule to invoke an AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook to attach the default instance profile to the EC2 instances.

Answer

Configure the iam-role-managed-policy-check AWS Config managed rule with a trigger type of configuration changes. Configure an automatic remediation action that invokes an AWS Lambda function to attach the default instance profile to the EC2 instances.

Question 28

A DevOps engineer is building a continuous deployment pipeline for a serverless application that uses AWS Lambda functions. The company wants to reduce the customer impact of an unsuccessful deployment. The company also wants to monitor for issues.Which deploy stage configuration will meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Use AWS CodeBuild to add sample event payloads for testing to the Lambda functions. Publish a new version of the functions, and include Amazon CloudWatch alarms. Update the production alias to point to the new version. Configure rollbacks to occur when an alarm is in the ALARM state.

Answer

Use an AWS Serverless Application Model (AWS SAM) template to define the serverless application. Use AWS CodeDeploy to deploy the Lambda functions with the Canary10Percent15Minutes Deployment Preference Type. Use Amazon CloudWatch alarms to monitor the health of the functions.

Answer

Use AWS CloudFormation to publish a new stack update, and include Amazon CloudWatch alarms on all resources. Set up an AWS CodePipeline approval action for a developer to verify and approve the AWS CloudFormation change set.

Answer

Use AWS CloudFormation to publish a new version on every stack update, and include Amazon CloudWatch alarms on all resources. Use the RoutingConfig property of the AWS::Lambda::Alias resource to update the traffic routing during the stack update.

Question 29

To run an application, a DevOps engineer launches an Amazon EC2 instance with public IP addresses in a public subnet. A user data script obtains the application artifacts and installs them on the instances upon launch. A change to the security classification of the application now requires the instances to run with no access to the internet. While the instances launch successfully and show as healthy, the application does not seem to be installed.Which of the following should successfully install the application while complying with the new rule?

Accepted Answer

Publish the application artifacts to an Amazon S3 bucket and create a VPC endpoint for S3. Assign an IAM instance profile to the EC2 instances so they can read the application artifacts from the S3 bucket.

Answer

Launch the instances in a public subnet with Elastic IP addresses attached. Once the application is installed and running, run a script to disassociate the Elastic IP addresses afterwards.

Answer

Set up a NAT gateway. Deploy the EC2 instances to a private subnet. Update the private subnet's route table to use the NAT gateway as the default route.

Answer

Create a security group for the application instances and allow only outbound traffic to the artifact repository. Remove the security group rule once the install is complete.

Question 30

A development team is using AWS CodeCommit to version control application code and AWS CodePipeline to orchestrate software deployments. The team has decided to use a remote main branch as the trigger for the pipeline to integrate code changes. A developer has pushed code changes to the CodeCommit repository, but noticed that the pipeline had no reaction, even after 10 minutes.Which of the following actions should be taken to troubleshoot this issue?

Accepted Answer

Check that an Amazon EventBridge rule has been created for the main branch to trigger the pipeline.

Answer

Check that the CodePipeline service role has permission to access the CodeCommit repository.

Answer

Check that the developer's IAM role has permission to push to the CodeCommit repository.

Answer

Check to see if the pipeline failed to start because of CodeCommit errors in Amazon CloudWatch Logs.

Question 31

A company's developers use Amazon EC2 instances as remote workstations. The company is concerned that users can create or modify EC2 security groups to allow unrestricted inbound access.A DevOps engineer needs to develop a solution to detect when users create unrestricted security group rules. The solution must detect changes to security group rules in near real time, remove unrestricted rules, and send email notifications to the security team. The DevOps engineer has created an AWS Lambda function that checks for security group ID from input, removes rules that grant unrestricted access, and sends notifications through Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS).What should the DevOps engineer do next to meet the requirements?

Accepted Answer

Create an Amazon EventBridge event rule that has the default event bus as the source. Define the rule's event pattern to match EC2 security group creation and modification events. Configure the rule to invoke the Lambda function.

Answer

Configure the Lambda function to be invoked by the SNS topic. Create an AWS CloudTrail subscription for the SNS topic. Configure a subscription filter for security group modification events.

Answer

Create an Amazon EventBridge scheduled rule to invoke the Lambda function. Define a schedule pattern that runs the Lambda function every hour.

Answer

Create an Amazon EventBridge custom event bus that subscribes to events from all AWS services. Configure the Lambda function to be invoked by the custom event bus.

Question 32

A DevOps engineer is creating an AWS CloudFormation template to deploy a web service. The web service will run on Amazon EC2 instances in a private subnet behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The DevOps engineer must ensure that the service can accept requests from clients that have IPv6 addresses.What should the DevOps engineer do with the CloudFormation template so that IPv6 clients can access the web service?

Accepted Answer

Add an IPv6 CIDR block to the VPC and subnets for the ALB. Create a listener on port 443. and specify the dualstack IP address type on the ALB. Create a target group, and add the EC2 instances as targets. Associate the target group with the ALB.

Answer

Add an IPv6 CIDR block to the VPC and the private subnet for the EC2 instances. Create route table entries for the IPv6 network, use EC2 instance types that support IPv6, and assign IPv6 addresses to each EC2 instance.

Answer

Assign each EC2 instance an IPv6 Elastic IP address. Create a target group, and add the EC2 instances as targets. Create a listener on port 443 of the ALB, and associate the target group with the ALB.

Answer

Replace the ALB with a Network Load Balancer (NLB). Add an IPv6 CIDR block to the VPC and subnets for the NLB, and assign the NLB an IPv6 Elastic IP address.

Question 33

A company uses AWS Organizations and AWS Control Tower to manage all the company's AWS accounts. The company uses the Enterprise Support plan.A DevOps engineer is using Account Factory for Terraform (AFT) to provision new accounts. When new accounts are provisioned, the DevOps engineer notices that the support plan for the new accounts is set to the Basic Support plan. The DevOps engineer needs to implement a solution to provision the new accounts with the Enterprise Support plan.Which solution will meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Set the aft_feature_enterprise_support feature flag to True in the AFT deployment input configuration. Redeploy AFT and apply the changes.

Answer

Use an AWS Config conformance pack to deploy the account-part-of-organizations AWS Config rule and to automatically remediate any noncompliant accounts.

Answer

Create an AWS Lambda function to create a ticket for AWS Support to add the account to the Enterprise Support plan. Grant the Lambda function the support:ResolveCase permission.

Answer

Add an additional value to the control_tower_parameters input to set the AWSEnterpriseSupport parameter as the organization's management account number.

Question 34

A company's DevOps engineer uses AWS Systems Manager to perform maintenance tasks during maintenance windows. The company has a few Amazon EC2 instances that require a restart after notifications from AWS Health. The DevOps engineer needs to implement an automated solution to remediate these notifications. The DevOps engineer creates an Amazon EventBridge rule.How should the DevOps engineer configure the EventBridge rule to meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Configure an event source of AWS Health, a service of EC2, and an event type that indicates instance maintenance. Target a newly created AWS Lambda function that registers an automation task to restart the EC2 instance during a maintenance window.

Answer

Configure an event source of AWS Health, a service of EC2. and an event type that indicates instance maintenance. Target a Systems Manager document to restart the EC2 instance.

Answer

Configure an event source of Systems Manager and an event type that indicates a maintenance window. Target a Systems Manager document to restart the EC2 instance.

Answer

Configure an event source of EC2 and an event type that indicates instance maintenance. Target a newly created AWS Lambda function that registers an automation task to restart the EC2 instance during a maintenance window.

Question 35

A company has containerized all of its in-house quality control applications. The company is running Jenkins on Amazon EC2 instances, which require patching and upgrading. The compliance officer has requested a DevOps engineer begin encrypting build artifacts since they contain company intellectual property.What should the DevOps engineer do to accomplish this in the MOST maintainable manner?

Accepted Answer

Use AWS CodeBuild with artifact encryption to replace the Jenkins instance running on EC2 instances.

Answer

Automate patching and upgrading using AWS Systems Manager on EC2 instances and encrypt Amazon EBS volumes by default.

Answer

Deploy Jenkins to an Amazon ECS cluster and copy build artifacts to an Amazon S3 bucket with default encryption enabled.

Answer

Leverage AWS CodePipeline with a build action and encrypt the artifacts using AWS Secrets Manager.

Question 36

An IT team has built an AWS CloudFormation template so others in the company can quickly and reliably deploy and terminate an application. The template creates an Amazon EC2 instance with a user data script to install the application and an Amazon S3 bucket that the application uses to serve static webpages while it is running.All resources should be removed when the CloudFormation stack is deleted. However, the team observes that CloudFormation reports an error during stack deletion, and the S3 bucket created by the stack is not deleted.How can the team resolve the error in the MOST efficient manner to ensure that all resources are deleted without errors?

Accepted Answer

Add a custom resource with an AWS Lambda function with the DependsOn attribute specifying the S3 bucket, and an IAM role. Write the Lambda function to delete all objects from the bucket when RequestType is Delete.

Answer

Add a DelelionPolicy attribute to the S3 bucket resource, with the value Delete forcing the bucket to be removed when the stack is deleted.

Answer

Identify the resource that was not deleted. Manually empty the S3 bucket and then delete it.

Answer

Replace the EC2 and S3 bucket resources with a single AWS OpsWorks Stacks resource. Define a custom recipe for the stack to create and delete the EC2 instance and the S3 bucket.

Question 37

A company has an AWS CodePipeline pipeline that is configured with an Amazon S3 bucket in the eu-west-1 Region. The pipeline deploys an AWS Lambda application to the same Region. The pipeline consists of an AWS CodeBuild project build action and an AWS CloudFormation deploy action.The CodeBuild project uses the aws cloudformation package AWS CLI command to build an artifact that contains the Lambda function code's .zip file and the CloudFormation template. The CloudFormation deploy action references the CloudFormation template from the output artifact of the CodeBuild project's build action.The company wants to also deploy the Lambda application to the us-east-1 Region by using the pipeline in eu-west-1. A DevOps engineer has already updated the CodeBuild project to use the aws cloudformation package command to produce an additional output artifact for us-east-1.Which combination of additional steps should the DevOps engineer take to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

Accepted Answer

Modify the CloudFormation template to include a parameter for the Lambda function code's zip file location. Create a new CloudFormation deploy action for us-east-1 in the pipeline. Configure the new deploy action to pass in the us-east-1 artifact location as a parameter override.

Accepted Answer

Create a new CloudFormation deploy action for us-east-1 in the pipeline. Configure the new deploy action to use the CloudFormation template from the us-east-1 output artifact.

Answer

Create an S3 bucket in us-east-1. Configure the S3 bucket policy to allow CodePipeline to have read and write access.

Answer

Create an S3 bucket in us-east-1. Configure S3 Cross-Region Replication (CRR) from the S3 bucket in eu-west-1 to the S3 bucket in us-east-1.

Answer

Modify the pipeline to include the S3 bucket for us-east-1 as an artifact store. Create a new CloudFormation deploy action for us-east-1 in the pipeline. Configure the new deploy action to use the CloudFormation template from the us-east-1 output artifact.

Question 38

A company runs an application on one Amazon EC2 instance. Application metadata is stored in Amazon S3 and must be retrieved if the instance is restarted. The instance must restart or relaunch automatically if the instance becomes unresponsive.Which solution will meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Configure AWS OpsWorks, and use the auto healing feature to stop and start the instance. Use a lifecycle event in OpsWorks to pull the metadata from Amazon S3 and update it on the instance.

Answer

Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm for the StatusCheckFailed metric. Use the recover action to stop and start the instance. Use an S3 event notification to push the metadata to the instance when the instance is back up and running.

Answer

Use EC2 Auto Recovery to automatically stop and start the instance in case of a failure. Use an S3 event notification to push the metadata to the instance when the instance is back up and running.

Answer

Use AWS CloudFormation to create an EC2 instance that includes the UserData property for the EC2 resource. Add a command in UserData to retrieve the application metadata from Amazon S3.

Question 39

A company has multiple AWS accounts. The company uses AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) that is integrated with AWS Toolkit for Microsoft Azure DevOps. The attributes for access control feature is enabled in IAM Identity Center.The attribute mapping list contains two entries. The department key is mapped to ${path:enterprise.department}. The costCenter key is mapped to ${path:enterprise.costCenter}.All existing Amazon EC2 instances have a department tag that corresponds to three company departments (d1, d2, d3). A DevOps engineer must create policies based on the matching attributes. The policies must minimize administrative effort and must grant each Azure AD user access to only the EC2 instances that are tagged with the user's respective department name.Which condition key should the DevOps engineer include in the custom permissions policies to meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Answer

Option D

Question 40

A company hosts a security auditing application in an AWS account. The auditing application uses an IAM role to access other AWS accounts. All the accounts are in the same organization in AWS Organizations.A recent security audit revealed that users in the audited AWS accounts could modify or delete the auditing application's IAM role. The company needs to prevent any modification to the auditing application's IAM role by any entity other than a trusted administrator IAM role.Which solution will meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Create an SCP that includes a Deny statement for changes to the auditing application's IAM role. Include a condition that allows the trusted administrator IAM role to make changes. Attach the SCP to the root of the organization.

Answer

Create an SCP that includes an Allow statement for changes to the auditing application's IAM role by the trusted administrator IAM role. Include a Deny statement for changes by all other IAM principals. Attach the SCP to the IAM service in each AWS account where the auditing application has an IAM role.

Answer

Create an IAM permissions boundary that includes a Deny statement for changes to the auditing application's IAM role. Include a condition that allows the trusted administrator IAM role to make changes. Attach the permissions boundary to the audited AWS accounts.

Answer

Create an IAM permissions boundary that includes a Deny statement for changes to the auditing application's IAM role. Include a condition that allows the trusted administrator IAM role to make changes. Attach the permissions boundary to the auditing application's IAM role in the AWS accounts.

Amazon DOP-C02 Practice Test 1

Amazon DOP-C02 Practice Tests

Amazon DOP-C02 Practice Test 1

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