ECCouncil ECSS Practice Test - Questions Answers, Page 2

In the context of IoT architecture, the component that collects data from IoT devices and performs data preprocessing is typically referred to as aGateway. This device acts as an intermediary between the IoT devices and the cloud infrastructure. It is responsible for aggregating data, performing initial processing, and then transmitting the data to the cloud for further storage and analysis. Gateways are crucial for reducing latency, providing local data buffering, and ensuring that only necessary data is sent to the cloud, thereby optimizing network and storage resources.

In the context of MAC (Mandatory Access Control) forensics, the Basic Security Module (BSM) is known to save file information and related events using a token with a binary structure. BSM is part of the auditing system that records security-related events and data. Each BSM audit record is composed of one or more tokens, where each token has a specific type identifier followed by data relevant to that token type. This structure allows for a detailed and organized way to store and retrieve event data, which is crucial for forensic analysis.

In the scenario described, the malware that consumes a server's memory and network bandwidth, causing the server to overload and stop responding, is typically aworm. Worms are a type of malware that replicate themselves and spread to other computers across a network, often consuming significant system resources and network bandwidth in the process. Unlike viruses, which require human action to spread, worms typically exploit vulnerabilities or use automated methods to propagate without the need for user intervention.

Joseph's analysis of packet headers to check for changes in source and destination IP addresses and port numbers during transmission is indicative of a context-based signature analysis technique. This method focuses on understanding the context or circumstances under which network data operates, rather than just the content of the packets themselves. By analyzing the changes in IP addresses and port numbers, Joseph is looking for patterns or anomalies that could suggest a security threat or an ongoing attack, such as IP spoofing or port redirection, which are common tactics in network intrusions.

Context-based signature analysis differs from other types, such as atomic and composite signature analysis, by focusing on the behavioral aspects and the situational context of the network traffic. Atomic signature analysis, for instance, relies on single, unique identifiers within a piece of malware or an attack vector, while composite signature analysis looks at multiple attributes or behaviors combined to identify a threat. Content-based signature analysis, another common technique, examines the actual payload of packets for specific malicious content or patterns known to be associated with malware.

Joseph's approach is particularly effective in identifying sophisticated attacks that may not have a known signature or a specific malicious payload but exhibit unusual patterns in how they manipulate network traffic. By understanding the context and the normal baseline of network activities, security professionals like Joseph can detect and mitigate threats that would otherwise go unnoticed with more conventional signature-based methods.

In digital forensics, write protection is a crucial step during data acquisition to ensure that the data being imaged cannot be altered during the process. This is essential to maintain the integrity of the evidence. John's use of imaging software that prevents unauthorized alteration indicates that he enabled write protection, which is a standard practice to safeguard the original data on storage media.

Melissa's actions classify her as a malicious insider. This category includes individuals who intentionally misuse access to harm the organization. Her intent to seek revenge and her deliberate targeting of the company's network due to a grudge from being fired are indicative of a malicious insider threat.Reference: This explanation is based on general cybersecurity knowledge and definitions of insider threats. For specific references, please consult the EC-Council Certified Security Specialist (E|CSS) documents and study materials.

In the scenario described, John is using aDevice-to-cloud modelof IoT communication. This model involves direct communication between the smart wearable ECC (IoT device) and the cloud, where the data is stored and analyzed. Alerts and health condition updates are then sent from the cloud to John's mobile phone. This model is efficient for scenarios where IoT devices need to send data directly to a cloud service for storage, analysis, and further action, without the need for an intermediary device or gateway.

Tor Network Functionality:The Tor network is designed to protect user anonymity by routing traffic through a series of relays (nodes). This obfuscates the source of the traffic and makes it difficult to trace.

SOCKS Proxy:Tor primarily functions as a SOCKS proxy to facilitate this anonymization. Applications configured to use Tor's SOCKS proxy will have their traffic routed through the Tor network.

Default Ports:

9050:The standard SOCKS port used by standalone Tor installations.

9150:The typical SOCKS port for the Tor Browser Bundle, a self-contained package with Tor and a pre-configured browser.

In the scenario described, Bob collected data that summarizes a conversation between two network devices. This type of data typically includes the source and destination IP addresses and ports, the duration of the conversation, and the information exchanged during the session. This aligns with the definition of session data, which is a type of network-based evidence that provides an overview of communication sessions between devices without including the actual content of the data packets.