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Huawei H12-821_V1.0 Practice Test - Questions Answers, Page 3
List of questions
Question 21
In BGP, Notification messages are used to request peers to resend routing information after routing policies are changed.
TRUE
FALSE
Notification Message Purpose
BGP Notification messages are used to report errors or terminate a connection. They do not request peers to resend routing information after routing policies are changed.
Routing updates following policy changes require manual resynchronization, not Notification messages.
HCIP-Datacom-Core Reference
The purpose and usage of Notification messages are discussed in the BGP operation chapters.
Question 22
When a BGP device sends an Open message to establish a peer connection, which of the following information is carried?
Local AS number
Router ID
NLRI
Hold time
BGP Open Message Components
The Open message contains the following critical parameters:
Local AS Number: The autonomous system of the router.
Router ID: A unique identifier for the router.
Hold Time: The maximum time the router will wait for Keepalive or other messages from its peer.
Incorrect Option
C . NLRI: Network Layer Reachability Information is not included in Open messages; it is carried in Update messages.
HCIP-Datacom-Core Reference
The structure and contents of Open messages are explained in BGP protocol details.
Question 23
During BGP route summarization configuration, the keyword can be used to suppress all specific routes so that only the summary route is advertised. The summary route carries the Atomic-aggregate attribute rather than the community attributes of specific routes.
suppressspecmap
Understanding BGP Route Summarization:
In Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), route summarization is a technique used to aggregate multiple specific prefixes into a broader summary prefix. This reduces the size of routing tables and improves routing efficiency.
Summarization helps to hide unnecessary details from other parts of the network while still maintaining connectivity.
Suppressing Specific Routes:
When summarizing routes, the suppress-spec-map keyword is used to suppress specific prefixes so that only the summarized route is advertised.
The suppressed routes are not advertised to BGP peers; instead, only the summary route is propagated.
Atomic-Aggregate Attribute:
The summary route generated during BGP route summarization carries the Atomic-aggregate attribute. This attribute indicates that the summary route might not provide the exact path information available in the original specific routes.
Additionally, when using the suppress-spec-map option, the specific routes' attributes, such as community attributes, are not included in the summary route.
Conclusion:
The suppress-spec-map keyword is used to suppress specific routes when performing BGP summarization. The summarized route includes the Atomic-aggregate attribute but does not carry community attributes from the suppressed routes.
Question 24
BGP is generally applied to complex networks where routes change frequently. Frequent route flapping consumes a large number of bandwidth and CPU resources, and even affects the normal operation of the network. This is an unavoidable problem that cannot be solved in BGP.
TRUE
FALSE
BGP Route Flapping and Mitigation
While route flapping is a concern in large-scale networks, BGP employs mechanisms such as Route Dampening to mitigate its impact. Route dampening suppresses frequently flapping routes for a period of time to reduce resource consumption and network instability.
Therefore, it is incorrect to state that the issue cannot be resolved in BGP.
HCIP-Datacom-Core Reference
The mechanism of route dampening is detailed in the BGP optimization chapters.
Question 25
The Next_Hop attribute in BGP records the next hop of a route. Similar to the next hop in an IGP, the Next_Hop attribute in BGP must be the IP address of a peer interface.
TRUE
FALSE
BGP Next_Hop Attribute
Unlike IGP, the Next_Hop attribute in BGP does not necessarily have to be the IP address of a peer interface. For example, in multi-hop BGP configurations, the Next_Hop can point to a different router or interface within the network.
HCIP-Datacom-Core Reference
Details of the Next_Hop attribute and its behavior are outlined in BGP path selection principles.
Question 26
A BGP device receives a route carrying an unknown attribute from a peer but does not know whether other devices need the attribute. In this case, the BGP device retains this attribute when advertising the route to other peers. Which of the following attributes is of this type?
Community
AS.Path
MED
OriginatorID
Transitive vs. Non-Transitive Attributes
The Community attribute is a transitive optional attribute, meaning that if a router receives a route with this attribute and does not understand its purpose, the router retains and propagates it to other peers.
Other options, such as AS_Path and MED, are well-defined mandatory or optional attributes with specific purposes.
HCIP-Datacom-Core Reference
The behavior of optional transitive attributes is detailed in the BGP protocol and attribute chapters.
Question 27
When configuring an ACL on a router, you can specify a unique number or name to identify the ACL. Once a named ACL is created, it cannot be modified. You can only delete the named ACL and reconfigure it.
TRUE
FALSE
ACL Modification
Named ACLs can be modified after their creation. Unlike numbered ACLs, named ACLs provide greater flexibility for editing individual rules without deleting the entire ACL.
Therefore, the statement is incorrect.
HCIP-Datacom-Core Reference
The flexibility and editability of named ACLs are discussed in the ACL configuration sections.
Question 28
ACLs are a common tool for matching routes. ACLs are classified into multiple types based on ACL rule functions. An ACL can be identified by a number, and the number range for each type of ACLs is different. Which of the following type of ACLs are numbered from 4000 to 4999?
User-defined ACL
Basic ACL
Layer 2 ACL
Advance ACL
ACL Number Ranges
Basic ACLs: Numbered from 2000 to 2999.
Advanced ACLs: Numbered from 3000 to 3999.
Layer 2 ACLs: Numbered from 5000 to 5999.
User-defined ACLs: Numbered from 4000 to 4999.
HCIP-Datacom-Core Reference
ACL classifications and their number ranges are covered in the ACL principles and configuration chapters.
Question 29
ACLs are a common matching tool in routing policies. An ACL can be configured on a router to match routes.
TRUE
FALSE
ACL in Routing Policies
ACLs are frequently used in routing policies to match specific routes based on criteria such as source IP, destination IP, and more. This allows ACLs to influence route redistribution, filtering, and forwarding decisions.
HCIP-Datacom-Core Reference
ACL applications in routing policies are discussed in the routing policy chapters.
Question 30
Both MQC and PBR can be applied on device interfaces to filter received and sent packets or control packet forwarding paths.
TRUE
FALSE
MQC and PBR
MQC (Modular QoS Command-Line Interface): Applied to interfaces for classifying and controlling traffic.
PBR (Policy-Based Routing): Used to influence packet forwarding based on policies rather than traditional routing tables.
Both MQC and PBR can be configured on device interfaces to filter incoming/outgoing packets or control their forwarding paths.
HCIP-Datacom-Core Reference
The use of MQC and PBR on device interfaces is elaborated in the QoS and routing control chapters.
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