Fortinet NSE7_ZTA-7.2 Practice Test - Questions Answers, Page 2

Based on the exhibit showing the status of the hr endpoint, the true statement about this endpoint is:

D) The endpoint has been marked at risk: The 'w' next to the host status for the 'hr' endpoint typically denotes a warning, indicating that the system has marked it as at risk due to some security policy violations or other concerns that need to be addressed.

The other options do not align with

the provided symbol 'w' in the context of FortiNAC:

A) The endpoint is a rogue device: If the endpoint were rogue, we might expect a different symbol, often indicating a critical status or alarm.

B) The endpoint is disabled: A disabled status is typically indicated by a different icon or status indicator.

C) The endpoint is unauthenticated: An unauthenticated status would also be represented by a different symbol or status indication, not a 'w'.

FortiNAC uses SNMP or CLI to communicate with network devices such as routers and switches. To add a Layer 3 router to its inventory, FortiNAC needs to have SNMP or CLI access to the router to perform remote tasks such as polling, VLAN assignment, and port shutdown. Without SNMP or CLI access, FortiNAC cannot manage the router or its ports.Therefore, SNMP or CLI access is a prerequisite for adding a Layer 3 router to FortiNAC's inventory.Reference:= https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortinac/9.4.0/administration-guide/105927/inventory

https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortinac/9.4.0/administration-guide/344098/l3-polling

For FortiNAC to perform automated incident response based on FortiGate traffic, the required configuration is:

A) FortiNAC should be added as a participant in the Security Fabric: By integrating FortiNAC into the Fortinet Security Fabric, it can respond to incidents based on traffic analysis performed by FortiGate. This allows for coordinated and automated responses to security events.

The other options are not specifically required for automated incident response in this context:

B) FortiNAC requires read-write SNMP access to FortiGate: While SNMP access is important for certain functions, it is not the key requirement for this specific use case.

C) FortiNAC should be configured as a syslog server on FortiGate: Configuring FortiNAC as a syslog server is useful for log collection but not specifically for automated incident response based on traffic.

D) FortiNAC requires HTTPS access to FortiGate for API calls: HTTPS access for API calls is important for integration, but it is not the primary requirement for automated incident response based on FortiGate traffic analysis.

FortiNAC Integration with FortiGate for Incident Response.

Fortinet Security Fabric Documentation.

Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) is a security model that follows the philosophy of ''never trust, always verify'' and does not assume any implicit trust for any entity within or outside the network perimeter. ZTA is based on a set of core principles that guide its implementation and operation. According to the NIST SP 800-207, the three core principles of ZTA are:

A) Verify and authenticate. This principle emphasizes the importance of strong identification and authentication for all types of principals, including users, devices, and machines. ZTA requires continuous verification of identities and authentication status throughout a session, ideally on each request. It does not rely solely on traditional network location or controls. This includes implementing modern strong multi-factor authentication (MFA) and evaluating additional environmental and contextual signals during authentication processes.

D) Least privilege access. This principle involves granting principals the minimum level of access required to perform their tasks. By adopting the principle of least privilege access, organizations can enforce granular access controls, so that principals have access only to the resources necessary to fulfill their roles and responsibilities. This includes implementing just-in-time access provisioning, role-based access controls (RBAC), and regular access reviews to minimize the surface area and the risk of unauthorized access.

E) Assume breach. This principle assumes that the network is always compromised and that attackers can exploit any vulnerability or weakness. Therefore, ZTA adopts a proactive and defensive posture that aims to prevent, detect, and respond to threats in real-time. This includes implementing micro-segmentation, end-to-end encryption, and continuous monitoring and analytics to restrict unnecessary pathways, protect sensitive data, and identify anomalies and potential security events.

1: Understanding Zero Trust principles - AWS Prescriptive Guidance

2: Zero Trust Architecture - NIST

For on-fabric clients to access FortiAnalyzer using ZTNA tags, the following conditions must be met:

A) The on-fabric client should have FortiGate as its default gateway: This is essential to ensure that all client traffic is routed through FortiGate, where ZTNA policies can be enforced.

B) The ZTNA server must be configured on FortiGate: For ZTNA tags to be effectively used, the ZTNA server, which processes and enforces these tags, must be configured on the FortiGate appliance.

Configuring ZTNA tags and tagging rules

Synchronizing FortiClient ZTNA tags

FortiAnalyzer

Technical Tip: ZTNA Tags fail to synchronize between FortiClient and FortiGate

To prevent direct host-to-host communication at layer 2 and use only FortiGate to inspect all the VLAN traffic, an administrator must configure:

B) Block intra-VLAN traffic in the VLAN interface settings: This setting prevents direct communication between hosts within the same VLAN, forcing traffic to be routed through FortiGate for inspection.

D) Configure static routes to allow subnets: By setting up static routes, the administrator ensures that traffic between different subnets is correctly routed through the FortiGate for inspection and policy enforcement.

E) Configure a firewall policy to allow the desired traffic between hosts: Firewall policies on the FortiGate will dictate what traffic is permitted between hosts, ensuring that only authorized traffic is allowed.

The other options are not typically required for this setup:

A) Configure proxy ARP to allow traffic: Proxy ARP is not necessary for this scenario as it involves answering ARP requests on behalf of another host, which is not relevant to blocking intra-VLAN traffic.

C) Add the VLAN interface to a software switch: This would create a switch-like environment on the FortiGate, which is counterproductive to the goal of preventing direct host-to-host communication at layer 2.

FortiGate VLAN Configuration Guide.

Blocking Intra-VLAN Communication in FortiGate.

In a ZTNA (Zero Trust Network Access) deployment, FortiClient EMS:

A) Uses endpoint information to grant or deny access to the network: FortiClient EMS plays a critical role in ZTNA by using information about the endpoint, such as its security posture and compliance status, to determine whether to grant or deny network access.

The other options do not accurately represent the role of FortiClient EMS in ZTNA:

B) Provides network and user identity authentication services: While it contributes to the overall ZTNA strategy, FortiClient EMS itself does not directly provide authentication services.

C) Generates and installs client certificates on managed endpoints: Certificate management is typically handled by other components in the ZTNA framework.

D) Acts as ZTNA access proxy for managed endpoints: FortiClient EMS does not function as an access proxy; its role is more aligned with endpoint management and policy enforcement.

FortiClient EMS in Zero Trust Network Access Deployment.

Role of FortiClient EMS in ZTNA.

Based on the exhibit, the true statements about the hr endpoint are:

B) The endpoint is marked as a rogue device: The 'w' symbol typically indicates a warning or an at-risk status, which can be associated with an endpoint being marked as rogue due to failing to meet the security compliance requirements or other reasons.

C) The endpoint has failed the compliance scan: The 'w' symbol can also signify that the endpoint has failed a compliance scan, which is a common reason for an endpoint to be marked as at risk.

With the increase in IoT devices, enterprises face many challenges in securing and managing their network and data. Two of the most significant challenges are:

Unpatched vulnerabilities in IoT devices (Option C): IoT devices are often vulnerable to cyber attacks due to their increased exposure to the internet and their limited computing resources.Some of the security challenges in IoT include weak password protection, lack of regular patches and updates, insecure interfaces, insufficient data protection, and poor IoT device management12. Unpatched vulnerabilities in IoT devices can allow hackers to exploit them and compromise the network or data.For example, the Mirai malware infected IoT devices by using default credentials and created a massive botnet that launched DDoS attacks on internet services2.

Achieving full network visibility (Option D): IoT devices can generate a large amount of data that needs to be collected, processed, and analyzed. However, many enterprises lack the tools and capabilities to monitor and manage the IoT devices and data effectively. This can result in poor performance, inefficiency, and security risks. Achieving full network visibility means having a clear and comprehensive view of all the IoT devices, their status, their connectivity, their data flow, and their potential threats.This can help enterprises optimize their network performance, ensure data quality and integrity, and detect and prevent any anomalies or attacks3.