Amazon SAP-C02 Practice Test - Questions Answers, Page 47

Gateway VPC Endpoint for S3:

Create a gateway VPC endpoint for Amazon S3 in your VPC. This allows instances in your VPC to communicate with Amazon S3 without going through the internet, reducing data transfer costs and improving security.

Add Spot Instances to ECS Cluster:

Add another ECS capacity provider that uses an Auto Scaling group of Spot Instances. Configure this new capacity provider to share the load with the existing On-Demand Instances by setting an appropriate weight in the capacity provider strategy. Spot Instances offer significant cost savings compared to On-Demand Instances.

Configure Capacity Provider Strategy:

Adjust the ECS service's capacity provider strategy to utilize both On-Demand and Spot Instances effectively. This ensures a balanced distribution of tasks across both instance types, optimizing cost while maintaining availability.

By implementing a gateway VPC endpoint for S3 and incorporating Spot Instances into the ECS cluster, the company can significantly reduce operational costs without compromising on the availability or performance of the platform.

Reference

AWS Cost Optimization Blog on VPC Endpoints

AWS ECS Documentation on Capacity Providers

Create a Transit Gateway:

In the shared services account, create a new AWS Transit Gateway. This serves as a central hub to connect multiple VPCs, simplifying the network topology and management.

Configure Transit Gateway Attachments:

Attach the VPC containing the Aurora DB cluster to the transit gateway. This allows the shared services VPC to communicate through the transit gateway.

Create Resource Share with AWS RAM:

Use AWS Resource Access Manager (AWS RAM) to create a resource share for the transit gateway. Share this resource with all development accounts. AWS RAM allows you to securely share your AWS resources across AWS accounts without needing to duplicate them.

Accept Resource Shares in Development Accounts:

Instruct each development team to log into their respective AWS accounts and accept the transit gateway resource share. This step is crucial for enabling cross-account access to the shared transit gateway.

Configure VPC Attachments in Development Accounts:

Each development account needs to attach their VPC to the shared transit gateway. This allows their VPCs to route traffic through the transit gateway to the Aurora DB cluster in the shared services account.

Update Route Tables:

Update the route tables in each VPC to direct traffic intended for the Aurora DB cluster through the transit gateway. This ensures that network traffic is properly routed between the development VPCs and the shared services VPC.

Using a transit gateway simplifies the network management and reduces operational overhead by providing a scalable and efficient way to interconnect multiple VPCs across different AWS accounts.

Reference

AWS Database Blog on RDS Proxy for Cross-Account Access48.

AWS Architecture Blog on Cross-Account and Cross-Region Aurora Setup49.

DEV Community on Managing Multiple AWS Accounts with Organizations51.

Set Up EventBridge Event Bus:

Step 1: Open the Amazon EventBridge console and create a custom event bus. This bus will be used to handle user deletion events.

Step 2: Name the event bus appropriately (e.g., user-deletion-bus).

Post Events on User Deletion:

Step 1: Modify the central user service to post an event to the custom EventBridge event bus whenever a user is deleted.

Step 2: Ensure the event includes relevant details such as the user ID and any other necessary metadata.

Create EventBridge Rules for Microservices:

Step 1: For each microservice that needs to delete user data, create a new rule in EventBridge that triggers on the user deletion event.

Step 2: Define the event pattern to match the user deletion event. This pattern should include the event details posted by the central user service.

Invoke Microservice Logic:

Step 1: Configure the EventBridge rule to invoke a target, such as an AWS Lambda function, which contains the logic to delete the user data from the microservice's data store.

Step 2: Each microservice should have its Lambda function or equivalent logic to handle the deletion of user data upon receiving the event.

Using Amazon EventBridge ensures a scalable, reliable, and decoupled approach to handle the deletion of user data across multiple microservices. This setup allows each microservice to independently process user deletion events without direct dependencies on other services.

Reference

AWS EventBridge Documentation

DynamoDB Streams and AWS Lambda Triggers

Implementing the Transactional Outbox Pattern with EventBridge Pipes (AWS Documentation) (Amazon Web Services, Inc.) (Amazon Web Services, Inc.) (AWS Documentation) (AWS Cloud Community).

Establish AWS Direct Connect Connections:

Step 1: Set up two AWS Direct Connect (DX) connections from the company headquarters to a chosen AWS Region. This provides a redundant and high-availability setup to ensure continuous connectivity.

Step 2: Ensure that these DX connections terminate in a specific Direct Connect location associated with the chosen AWS Region.

Use Company WAN:

Step 1: Configure the company's global WAN to route traffic through the established Direct Connect connections.

Step 2: This setup ensures that all traffic between the company's headquarters and AWS does not traverse the public internet, maintaining compliance with security requirements.

Set Up Direct Connect Gateway:

Step 1: Create a Direct Connect Gateway in the AWS Management Console. This gateway allows you to connect your Direct Connect connections to multiple VPCs across different AWS Regions.

Step 2: Associate the Direct Connect Gateway with the VPCs in the various Regions where your critical data is stored. This enables access to data in multiple Regions through a single Direct Connect connection.

By using Direct Connect and Direct Connect Gateway, the company can achieve secure, reliable, and cost-effective access to data stored across multiple AWS Regions without using the public internet, ensuring compliance with industry regulations.

Reference

AWS Direct Connect Documentation

Building a Scalable and Secure Multi-VPC AWS Network Infrastructure (AWS Documentation) (AWS Documentation).

Set Up AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery:

Navigate to the AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery (DRS) console.

Configure the Elastic Disaster Recovery service to replicate your on-premises VMware vSphere VMs to Amazon EC2 instances. This involves installing the AWS Replication Agent on your VMs.

Configure Replication Settings:

Define the replication settings, including the Amazon EC2 instance type and the Amazon EBS volume configuration. Ensure that the replication frequency meets your Recovery Point Objective (RPO) of 5 minutes.

Monitor Data Replication:

Monitor the initial data replication process in the Elastic Disaster Recovery console. Once the initial sync is complete, the status should show as 'Healthy' indicating that the data replication is up-to-date and within the RPO requirements.

Disaster Recovery (Failover):

In the event of a disaster, initiate a failover from the Elastic Disaster Recovery console. This will launch the replicated Amazon EC2 instances using the Amazon EBS volumes with the latest data.

Failback Process:

Once the on-premises environment is restored, perform a failback operation to synchronize the data from AWS back to your on-premises VMware environment. Use the failback client provided by AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery to ensure data consistency and minimal downtime during the failback process.

Using AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery provides a low-overhead, automated solution for disaster recovery that ensures minimal data loss and meets the RPO requirement of 5 minutes (Amazon Web Services, Inc.) (AWS Documentation).

Integrate ALB with OIDC IdP:

In the AWS Management Console, navigate to the Application Load Balancer (ALB) settings.

Configure the ALB to use the OpenID Connect (OIDC) IdP for authentication. This ensures that all requests routed through the ALB are authenticated using the IdP.

Set Up Authentication Rules:

Create a listener rule on the ALB that requires authentication. This rule will forward requests to the IdP for user authentication before allowing access to the backend services.

Restrict Unauthenticated Access:

Ensure the ALB only forwards requests to backend services if the user is authenticated. Unauthenticated requests should be blocked or redirected to the IdP for authentication.

Update CloudFront Configuration:

Modify the CloudFront distribution to forward authenticated requests to the ALB. Ensure that the ALB and API Gateway accept only requests coming through the CloudFront distribution to enforce consistent authentication and security.

By enforcing authentication at the ALB level, you ensure that all backend services are accessed only by authenticated users, enhancing the overall security of the web application

Creating the Template:

Start by creating a CloudFormation template that includes all the VPC resources. This template should accurately reflect the current state and configuration of the VPC.

Using the CloudFormation Console:

Open the AWS Management Console and navigate to CloudFormation.

Choose 'Create stack' and then select 'With existing resources (import resources)'.

Specifying the Template:

Upload the previously created template or specify the Amazon S3 URL where the template is stored.

Identifying the Resources:

On the 'Identify resources' page, provide the identifiers for each VPC resource you wish to import. For example, for an AWS::EC2::VPC resource, use the VPC ID as the identifier.

Creating the Stack:

Complete the stack creation process by providing stack details and reviewing the changes. This will create a change set that includes the import operation.

Executing the Change Set:

Execute the change set to import the resources into the CloudFormation stack, making them managed by CloudFormation.

Verification and Drift Detection:

After the import is complete, run drift detection to ensure the actual configuration matches the template configuration.

This approach allows the company to manage their VPC and other resources via CloudFormation without the need to recreate resources, ensuring a smooth transition to automated infrastructure management.

Reference

Creating a stack from existing resources - AWS CloudFormation (AWS Documentation).

Generating templates for existing resources - AWS CloudFormation (AWS Documentation).

Bringing existing resources into CloudFormation management (AWS Documentation).

Migrate to Amazon Aurora:

Amazon Aurora is a MySQL-compatible, high-performance database designed to provide higher throughput than standard MySQL. Migrating the database to Aurora will enhance the performance and scalability of the database, especially under heavy workloads.

Add Aurora Replica:

Aurora Replicas provide read scalability and improve availability. Adding an Aurora Replica allows read operations to be distributed, thereby reducing the load on the primary instance and improving response times during peak periods.

Configure Amazon RDS Proxy:

Amazon RDS Proxy acts as an intermediary between the application and the Aurora database, managing connection pools efficiently. RDS Proxy reduces the overhead of opening and closing database connections, thus maintaining fewer active connections to the database and handling surges in database connections from the Lambda functions more effectively.

This configuration reduces the database's resource usage and improves its ability to handle high volumes of concurrent connections.

Reference

AWS Database Blog on RDS Proxy (Amazon Web Services, Inc.).

AWS Compute Blog on Using RDS Proxy with Lambda (Amazon Web Services, Inc.).

Create VPC Endpoint Service:

In the shared VPC, create a VPC endpoint service using the Network Load Balancer (NLB) that fronts the centralized application.

Enable the option to require endpoint acceptance to control which business unit VPCs can connect to the service.

Set Up VPC Endpoints in Business Unit VPCs:

In each business unit VPC, create a VPC endpoint that points to the VPC endpoint service created in the shared VPC.

Use the service name of the endpoint service created in the shared VPC for configuration.

Accept Endpoint Requests:

From the VPC endpoint service console in the shared VPC, review and accept endpoint connection requests from authorized business unit VPCs. This ensures that only authorized VPCs can access the centralized application.

Configure Routing:

Update the route tables in each business unit VPC to direct traffic destined for the centralized application through the VPC endpoint.

This solution ensures secure, private connectivity between the business unit VPCs and the shared VPC, even if there are overlapping CIDR blocks. It leverages AWS PrivateLink and VPC endpoints to provide scalable and controlled access (AWS Documentation) (Amazon Web Services, Inc.).