Amazon SCS-C02 Practice Test - Questions Answers, Page 29

https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/security/how-to-use-bucket-policies-and-apply-defense-in-depth-to-help-secure-your-amazon-s3-data/

The correct answer is B and C)

B) Allow port 443 from source 0.0.0.0/0.

This is correct because port 443 is used for HTTPS traffic, which must be able to access the website from any source IP address.

C) Allow port 22 from 192.168.100.0/24.

This is correct because port 22 is used for SSH, which is the management protocol for the web server. The management subnet is 192.168.100.0/24, so only this subnet should be allowed to access port 22.

A) Allow port 22 from source 0.0.0.0/0.

This is incorrect because it would allow anyone to access port 22, which is a security risk. SSH should be restricted to the management subnet only.

D) Allow port 22 from 10.0.1.0/24.

This is incorrect because it would allow the website subnet to access port 22, which is unnecessary and a security risk. SSH should be restricted to the management subnet only.

E) Allow port 443 from 10.0.1.0/24.

This is incorrect because it would limit the HTTPS traffic to the website subnet only, which defeats the purpose of having a public website.

The correct answer is C. The GuardDuty integration with Security Hub was never activated in the AWS account where the finding was generated.

According to the AWS documentation1, GuardDuty findings are automatically sent to Security Hub only if the GuardDuty integration with Security Hub is enabled in the same account and Region. This means that the security tooling account, which is the delegated administrator for both GuardDuty and Security Hub, must enable the GuardDuty integration with Security Hub in each member account and Region where GuardDuty is enabled. Otherwise, the findings from GuardDuty will not be visible in Security Hub.

The other options are incorrect because:

VPC flow logs are not required for GuardDuty to generate DNS findings. GuardDuty uses VPC DNS logs, which are automatically enabled for all VPCs, to detect malicious or unauthorized DNS activity.

The DHCP option configured for a custom OpenDNS resolver does not affect GuardDuty's ability to generate DNS findings. GuardDuty uses its own threat intelligence sources to identify malicious domains, regardless of the DNS resolver used by the EC2 instance.

Cross-Region aggregation in Security Hub is not relevant for this scenario, because the company operates out of a single AWS Region. Cross-Region aggregation allows Security Hub to aggregate findings from multiple Regions into a single Region.

1: Managing GuardDuty accounts with AWS Organizations : Amazon GuardDuty Findings : How Amazon GuardDuty Works : Cross-Region aggregation in AWS Security Hub

The possible steps to troubleshoot this issue are:

A) Ensure that the EC2 instance profile that is attached to the EC2 instances has permissions to create log streams and write logs. This is a necessary step because the CloudWatch agent uses the credentials from the instance profile to communicate with CloudWatch1.

C) Check the CloudWatch agent configuration file on each EC2 instance to make sure that the CloudWatch agent is collecting the proper log files. This is a necessary step because the CloudWatch agent needs to know which log files to monitor and send to CloudWatch2.

D) Check the VPC endpoint policies of both VPC endpoints to ensure that the EC2 instances have permissions to use them. This is a necessary step because the VPC endpoint policies control which principals can access the AWS services through the endpoints3.

The other options are incorrect because:

B) Creating a metric filter on the logs is not a troubleshooting step, but a way to extract metric data from the logs. Metric filters do not affect the visibility of the logs in the AWS Management Console.

E) Creating a NAT gateway in the subnet is not a solution, because the EC2 instances do not need internet access to communicate with CloudWatch through the VPC endpoints. A NAT gateway would also incur additional costs.

F) Ensuring that the security groups allow all the EC2 instances to communicate with each other is not a necessary step, because the CloudWatch agent does not require log aggregation before sending. Each EC2 instance can send its own logs independently to CloudWatch.

1: IAM Roles for Amazon EC2 2: CloudWatch Agent Configuration File: Logs Section 3: Using Amazon VPC Endpoints : Metric Filters : NAT Gateways : CloudWatch Agent

Reference: Log Aggregation

The correct answer is C. Pull images from the public container registry. Publish the images to Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) repositories with scan on push configured in a centralized AWS account. Use a CI/CD pipeline to deploy the images to different AWS accounts. Use repository policies and identity-based policies to restrict access to which IAM principals and accounts can access the images.

This solution meets the requirements because:

Amazon ECR is a fully managed container registry service that supports Docker and OCI images and artifacts1. It integrates with Amazon ECS and other AWS services to simplify the development and deployment of container-based applications.

Amazon ECR provides image scanning on push, which uses the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) database from the open-source Clair project to detect software vulnerabilities in container images2. The scan results are available in the AWS Management Console, AWS CLI, or AWS SDKs2.

Amazon ECR supports cross-account access to repositories, which allows sharing images across multiple AWS accounts3. This can be achieved by using repository policies, which are resource-based policies that specify which IAM principals and accounts can access the repositories and what actions they can perform4. Additionally, identity-based policies can be used to control which IAM roles in each account can access the repositories5.

The other options are incorrect because:

A) This option does not use repository policies to restrict cross-account access to the images, which is a requirement. Identity-based policies alone are not sufficient to control access to Amazon ECR repositories5.

B) This option does not use Amazon ECR, which is a fully managed service that provides image scanning and cross-account access features. Hosting a private container registry on EC2 instances would require more management overhead and additional security measures.

D) This option uses AWS CodeArtifact, which is a fully managed artifact repository service that supports Maven, npm, NuGet, PyPI, and generic package formats6. However, AWS CodeArtifact does not support Docker or OCI container images, which are required for Amazon ECS applications.

The correct answer is A because it allows the security engineer to add the X-Frame-Options header to the HTTPS responses from the application origin without modifying the origin itself. A Lambda@Edge function is a Lambda function that runs in response to CloudFront events, such as viewer request, origin request, origin response, or viewer response.By configuring the function to run in response to the origin response event, the security engineer can modify the response headers that CloudFront receives from the origin before sending them to the viewer1.The function can include code to add the X-Frame-Options header with the desired value, such as DENY or SAMEORIGIN, to prevent frame-related cross-site scripting attacks2.

The other options are incorrect because they are either less efficient or less secure than option A) Option B is incorrect because configuring the Lambda@Edge function to run in response to the viewer request event is not optimal, as it adds latency to the request processing and does not modify the response headers that CloudFront receives from the origin. Option C is incorrect because adding X-Frame-Options to custom headers in the origin settings does not affect the response headers that CloudFront sends to the viewer.Custom headers are only used to send additional information to the origin when CloudFront forwards a request3. Option D is incorrect because customizing the EC2 hosted application to add the X-Frame-Options header to the responses requires changing the origin code, which may not be feasible or desirable for the security engineer.

The correct answer is B and E. To troubleshoot the issue, the security engineer should verify that the SQS resource policy does not explicitly deny access to the role used by the instances, and that the role attached to the instances contains policies that allow access to the queue. These actions will ensure that the instances have the necessary permissions to retrieve messages from Amazon SQS, while maintaining the principle of least privilege.

The other options are incorrect because they are either unnecessary or overly permissive. Option A is incorrect because configuring and assigning an MFA device to the role used by the instances is not required to access Amazon SQS.MFA is an optional security feature that adds an extra layer of protection on top of the user name and password1. Option C is incorrect because verifying that the access key attached to the role used by the instances is active is not relevant to the issue.Access keys are used to make programmatic requests to AWS services, not to retrieve messages from Amazon SQS2. Option D is incorrect because attaching the AmazonSQSFullAccess managed policy to the role used by the instances is overly permissive and violates the principle of least privilege.This policy grants full access to all Amazon SQS actions and resources, which may expose the instances to unnecessary risks3.

The best solution to meet the company's requirements of offering an alternative login method while securely protecting player credentials and reducing the burden of password resets is to use Amazon Cognito with user pools. Amazon Cognito provides a fully managed service that facilitates the authentication, authorization, and user management for web and mobile applications. By configuring Amazon Cognito user pools to federate access with third-party Identity Providers (IdPs), such as social media platforms or Google, the company can allow users to sign in through these external IdPs, thereby eliminating the need for traditional username and password logins. This not only enhances user convenience but also offloads the responsibility of managing user credentials and the associated challenges like password resets to Amazon Cognito, thereby reducing the burden on the company's customer service team. Additionally, Amazon Cognito integrates seamlessly with other AWS services and follows best practices for security and compliance, ensuring that the player's credentials are protected.