Amazon SCS-C02 Practice Test - Questions Answers, Page 8

To securely store the API key, the security team should do the following:

Create a secret in AWS Secrets Manager in the security account to store the API key using AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) for encryption. This allows the security team to encrypt and manage the API key centrally, and to configure automatic rotation schedules for it.

Grant access to the IAM role used by the Lambda function so that the function can retrieve the key from Secrets Manager and call the API. This allows the security team to avoid storing the API key with the source code, and to use IAM policies to control access to the secret.

To stream data using an existing Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream and encrypt it in transit using a private network, the company should do the following:

Create a VPC endpoint for Kinesis Data Firehose. This allows the company to use a private connection between their VPC and Kinesis Data Firehose without requiring an internet gateway or NAT device.

Configure the application to connect to the VPC endpoint. This allows the application to stream data using Kinesis Data Firehose over AWS PrivateLink, which encrypts all traffic with TLS.

To improve the security at the edge of the solution to defend against a large, layer 7 DDoS attack, the security engineer should do the following:

Configure AWS WAF with a rate-based rule that imposes a rate limit that automatically blocks requests when the rate limit is exceeded. This allows the security engineer to use a rule that tracks the number of requests from a single IP address and blocks subsequent requests if they exceed a specified threshold within a specified time period.

To protect the sensitive data against any data breach and minimize management overhead, the security engineer should recommend the following solution:

Enable Amazon RDS encryption to encrypt the database and snapshots. This allows the security engineer to use AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) to encrypt data at rest for the database and any backups or replicas.

Enable Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) encryption on Amazon EC2 instances. This allows the security engineer to use AWS KMS to encrypt data at rest for the EC2 instances and any snapshots or volumes.

Store the database credentials in AWS Secrets Manager with automatic rotation. This allows the security engineer to encrypt and manage secrets centrally, and to configure automatic rotation schedules for them.

Set up TLS for the connection to the RDS hosted database. This allows the security engineer to encrypt data in transit between the EC2 instances and the database.

To ensure that the EC2 instances are logged, the security engineer should do the following:

Use AWS DNS resolvers for all EC2 instances. This allows the security engineer to use Amazon-provided DNS servers that resolve public DNS hostnames to private IP addresses within their VPC, and that log DNS queries in Amazon CloudWatch Logs.

To resolve the issues, the security engineer should make the following change to the policy:

In the statement block that contains the Sid ''Allow use of the key'', under the ''Condition'' block, change the Kms:ViaService value to ec2.us-east-1.amazonaws.com. This allows the security engineer to restrict the use of the key to only EC2 service in the us-east-1 region, and prevent other services from using the key.

To secure the images to limit their distribution, the company should take the following actions:

Update the S3 bucket policy to restrict access to a CloudFront origin access identity (OAI). This allows the company to use a special CloudFront user that can access objects in their S3 bucket, and prevent anyone else from accessing them directly.

Add a CloudFront geo restriction deny list of countries where the company lacks a license. This allows the company to use a feature that controls access to their content based on the geographic location of their viewers, and block requests from countries where they do not have a distribution license.

To assess the impact of the exposed access key, the security engineer should recommend the following solution:

Analyze an IAM use report from AWS Trusted Advisor to see when the access key was last used. This allows the security engineer to use a tool that provides information about IAM entities and credentials in their account, and check if there was any unauthorized activity with the exposed access key.