Splunk SPLK-1002 Practice Test - Questions Answers, Page 19

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The correct answer is D. Event types do not include a time range.

The explanation is as follows:

Event types are a categorization system that help you make sense of your data by matching events with the same search string1. Event types are applied to events at search time and can be used as search terms or filters12.

Saved reports are results saved from a search action that can show statistics and visualizations of events3. Saved reports can be run anytime, and they fetch fresh results each time they are run34. Saved reports can be shared with other users and added to dashboards4.

The main difference between event types and saved reports is that event types do not include a time range, while saved reports do14. This means that event types can match events from any time period, while saved reports are limited by the time range specified when they are created or run14.

Thetransactioncommand is a Splunk command that finds transactions based on events that meet various constraints1.

Transactions are made up of the raw text (the _raw field) of each member, the time and date fields of the earliest member, as well as the union of all other fields of each member1.

Thetransactioncommand adds some fields to the raw events that are part of the transaction12. These fields are:

duration: The difference, in seconds, between the timestamps for the first and last events in the transaction12.

eventcount: The number of events in the transaction12.

closed_txn: A Boolean field that indicates whether the transaction is closed or evicted2.A transaction is closed if it meets one of the following conditions:maxevents,maxpause,maxspan, orstartswith2.A transaction is evicted if it does not meet any of these conditions and exceeds the memory limit specified bymaxopentxnormaxopenevents23.

Therefore, evicted transactions can be distinguished from non-evicted transactions by checking the value of theclosed_txnfield.Theclosed_txnfield is set to0, or false, for evicted transactions and1, or true for non-evicted, or closed, transactions23.

Tags are a knowledge object that allow you to assign an alias to one or more field values . Tags are applied to events at search time and can be used as search terms or filters .

Tags can help you make your data more understandable by replacing cryptic or complex field values with meaningful names . For example, you can tag the value200in thestatusfield assuccess, or tag the value404asnot_found.

Thetransactioncommand is a Splunk command that finds transactions based on events that meet various constraints .

Transactions are made up of the raw text (the _raw field) of each member, the time and date fields of the earliest member, as well as the union of all other fields of each member .

Thetransactioncommand groups events together by matching one or more fields that have the same value across the events . For example,| transaction clientipwill group events that have the same value in theclientipfield.

Theevalcommand is a Splunk command that allows you to create or modify fields using expressions .

Theiffunction is an expression that evaluates a condition and returns a value based on whether the condition is true or false. The syntax of theiffunction isif(X,Y,Z), where X is the condition, Y is the value to return if X is true, and Z is the value to return if X is false.

Theisnotnullfunction is an expression that returns true if the argument is not null, and false otherwise. The syntax of theisnotnullfunction isisnotnull(X), where X is the argument to check.

Therefore, the expressionif (isnotnull (src), src, host)returns the value ofsrcif it is not null, and the value ofhostotherwise. This means that it will provide a new value forhostfromsrcif it exists, and keep the original value ofhostotherwise.

The correct answer is D. An argument can be passed to the inner macro by nesting parentheses.

A search macro is a way to reuse a piece of SPL code in different searches. A search macro can take arguments, which are variables that can be replaced by different values when the macro is called. A search macro can also contain another search macro within it, which is called a nested macro. A nested macro can also take arguments, which can be passed from the outer macro or directly from the search string.

To pass an argument to the inner macro, you need to use parentheses to enclose the argument value and separate it from the outer macro argument. For example, if you have a search macro named outer_macro (1) that contains another search macro named inner_macro (2), and both macros take one argument each, you can pass an argument to the inner macro by using the following syntax:

outer_macro (argument1, inner_macro (argument2))

This will replace the argument1 and argument2 with the values you provide in the search string. For example, if you want to pass ''foo'' as the argument1 and ''bar'' as the argument2, you can write:

outer_macro ('foo', inner_macro ('bar'))

This will expand the macros with the corresponding arguments and run the SPL code contained in them.

Search macro examples

Use search macros in searches

The correct answer is B. Calculated fields can be chained together to create more complex fields.

Calculated fields are fields that are added to events at search time by using eval expressions. They can be used to perform calculations with the values of two or more fields already present in those events. Calculated fields can be defined with Splunk Web or in the props.conf file. They can be used in searches, reports, dashboards, and data models like any other extracted field1.

Calculated fields can also be chained together to create more complex fields. This means that you can use a calculated field as an input for another calculated field. For example, if you have a calculated field named total that sums up the values of two fields named price and tax, you can use the total field to create another calculated field named discount that applies a percentage discount to the total field. To do this, you need to define the discount field with an eval expression that references the total field, such as:

discount = total * 0.9

This will create a new field named discount that is equal to 90% of the total field value for each event2.

About calculated fields

Chaining calculated fields

The correct answer is A. The maxspan option is not included1. In Splunk, the transaction command is used to group events that share common characteristics into a single transaction1. By default, the transaction command groups all matching events into a single transaction1. However, you can use the maxspan option to limit the time span of the transactions1. If the time span between the first and last event in a transaction exceeds the maxspan value, the transaction command will start a new transaction1. Therefore, if the maxspan option is not included in the search, the transaction command might produce multiple transactions instead of one if the time span between the first and last event in a transaction exceeds the default maxspan value1. Here is an example of how you can use the maxspan option in a search: index=main sourcetype=access_combined | transaction someuniqefield maxspan=1h In this search, the transaction command groups events that share the same someuniqefield value into a single transaction, but only if the time span between the first and last event in the transaction does not exceed 1 hour1. If the time span exceeds 1 hour, the transaction command will start a new transaction1.

The correct answer is C. By enclosing the macro name in backtick characters (`).

A macro is a way to reuse a piece of SPL code in different searches. A macro can take arguments, which are variables that can be replaced by different values when the macro is called. A macro can also contain another macro within it, which is called a nested macro1.

To reference a macro in a search, you need to enclose the macro name in backtick characters (). For example, if you have a macro named my_macro` that takes one argument, you can reference it in a search by using the following syntax:

... | my_macro(argument) | ...

This will replace the macro name and argument with the SPL code contained in the macro definition. For example, if the macro definition is:

[my_macro(argument)] search sourcetype=$argument$

And you reference it in a search with:

index=main | my_macro(web) | stats count by host

This will expand the macro and run the following SPL code:

index=main | search sourcetype=web | stats count by host

Use search macros in searches