Checkpoint 156-315.81 Practice Test - Questions Answers, Page 53

Backward Compatibility means that the Management Server is able to manage older Gateways. The lowest supported version is documented in the Release Notes of each version. The Installation and Upgrade Guide only provides information about how to install or upgrade the Management Server and the Gateways, not about the compatibility between them.

Reference:Check Point R81 Release Notes, page 6.

The error message ''Error 404. The Management API server is not available. Please check that the Management API server is up and running.'' indicates that the API is not running on the Management Server. The netstat command shows that there is no process listening on port 4434, which is the default port for the API. To start the API, the command 'api start' should be used. The other options are not relevant to this issue.

Reference:Check Point R81 Installation and Upgrade Guide, page 18.

The command 'fw sam -I dport 22' will delete all of the SSH connections of a gateway by adding a temporary rule to the Security Policy that blocks traffic with destination port 22. The other commands are not valid or do not have the same effect.

Reference:Check Point R81 Command Line Interface Reference Guide, page 101.

The Check Point Compliance Blade has a library of Check Point-defined tests to use as a baseline for good gateway and policy configuration. A Best Practice test is related to specified regulations in different regulatory standards. It describes compliance status and recommends corrective steps. Global Tests - Examine all applicable configuration settings in the organization. Object-based Tests - Examine the configuration settings for specified objects (gateways, profiles and other objects)

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All connections that were initiated before the upgrade will be handled by the active gateway.According to the Check Point documentation1, a minimal effort upgrade is a procedure that allows you to upgrade each Security Gateway individually, without affecting the cluster operation. The active gateway continues to handle the traffic while the standby gateway is upgraded, and then they switch roles.This way, there is no network downtime and no need to synchronize the cluster members before or after the upgrade1.However, some connections may be dropped during the switch-over, so it is recommended to use a connectivity upgrade or a zero downtime upgrade for mission-critical environments2.

ClusterXL and VRRP are the two cluster solutions that are available under R81.20.According to the ClusterXL R81.20 Administration Guide1, ClusterXL is a Check Point software-based clustering solution that provides high availability and load sharing for Check Point Security Gateways and Cluster Members. ClusterXL supports two modes: High Availability and Load Sharing. In High Availability mode, all Cluster Members are connected to the same network segment and share a virtual IP address. One member is active and handles all traffic, while the others are in standby mode and ready to take over in case of a failure. In Load Sharing mode, all Cluster Members are active and share the traffic load according to a predefined algorithm.ClusterXL supports both unicast and multicast modes for Load Sharing1.

VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) is an industry standard protocol that provides high availability for routers or firewalls by creating a virtual router with a virtual IP address that is shared by a group of routers or firewalls. One router or firewall is elected as the master and handles all traffic directed to the virtual IP address, while the others are backups that monitor the master and take over if it fails.VRRP can be used with Check Point Security Gateways to provide redundancy and failover for external interfaces1.

NSRP (NetScreen Redundancy Protocol) is a proprietary protocol developed by Juniper Networks that provides high availability and load balancing for NetScreen firewalls.NSRP is not supported by Check Point products2.

HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol) is a Cisco proprietary protocol that provides high availability for routers by creating a virtual router with a virtual IP address that is shared by a group of routers. One router is elected as the active router and handles all traffic directed to the virtual IP address, while another router is elected as the standby router and monitors the active router and takes over if it fails. HSRP is not supported by Check Point products.

IP Clustering is a feature of Linux Virtual Server (LVS) that provides high availability and load balancing for IP-based services by creating a cluster of real servers that are accessed through a virtual IP address. The cluster is managed by a director that routes requests to the real servers according to a scheduling algorithm. IP Clustering is not supported by Check Point products.

The command to identify the NIC driver before considering about the employment of the Multi-Queue feature isethtool -i eth0, whereeth0is the name of the network interface.This command displays the information about the driver and firmware version of the NIC, as well as other details such as bus-info and supported features1.The Multi-Queue feature requires a NIC driver that supports multiple transmit and receive queues2.

The traffic is handled by the Accelerated Path.According to the R81.x Security Gateway Architecture (Logical Packet Flow)1, the Accelerated Path is the fastest path for processing packets, as it bypasses most of the inspection and uses SecureXL to accelerate the traffic.The Accelerated Path is used for connections that are established, compliant with the security policy, and do not require any content inspection or NAT1.

The Application Control blade inspects the traffic based on the application identity, which is determined by the Application Control Software Blade in the Medium Path1.However, once the application identity is established, the connection can be offloaded to SecureXL and handled by the Accelerated Path2.This way, the Application Control blade can improve performance and reduce CPU consumption2.

The other paths are not used for this traffic because:

The Slow Path is used for packets that are not compliant with the security policy, require stateful inspection or NAT, or are not supported by SecureXL1.This path involves the most inspection and processing, and is therefore the slowest3.

The Fast Path is used for packets that are trusted and do not require any inspection or NAT.This path bypasses both SecureXL and the Firewall kernel, and uses a kernel module called simfast to forward the packets directly to the network interface driver4.This path is not enabled by default, and requires manual configuration of rules to define which traffic can use it4.

The Medium Path is used for packets that require content inspection, such as IPS, Anti-Virus, Anti-Bot, URL Filtering, or Application Control1.This path uses SecureXL to accelerate some parts of the inspection, but still involves some processing by the Firewall kernel3.This path is only used for the first few packets of a connection until the application identity is established, and then the connection can be offloaded to the Accelerated Path2.

SecureXL uses templates to accelerate the connection rate by creating a connection entry in the SecureXL Connections Table without notifying the Firewall kernel for a predefined period of time1.This reduces the load on the Firewall kernel and improves the performance of new connections1.SecureXL uses five attributes to identify a connection and create a template: source address, destination address, source port, destination port, and protocol2.These attributes form a unique 5-tuple that defines a connection2.