You are a cybersecurlty consultant for a smart city project. The project involves deploying a vast network of loT devices for public utilities like traffic control, water supply, and power grid management The city administration is concerned about the possibility of a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack crippling these critical services. They have asked you for advice on how to prevent such an attack. What would be your primary recommendation?

Implement regular firmware updates for all loT devices.

A Deploy network intrusion detection systems (IDS) across the loT network.

Establish strong, unique passwords for each loT device.

Implement IP address whitelisting for all loT devices.

An ethical hacker is testing a web application of a financial firm. During the test, a 'Contact Us' form's input field is found to lack proper user input validation, indicating a potential Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability. However, the application has a stringent Content Security Policy (CSP) disallowing inline scripts and scripts from external domains but permitting scripts from its own domain. What would be the hacker's next step to confirm the XSS vulnerability?

Utilize a script hosted on the application's domain to test the form

Try to disable the CSP to bypass script restrictions

Inject a benign script inline to the form to see if it executes

Utilize a script hosted on the application's domain to test the form

Load a script from an external domain to test the vulnerability

A Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) is given the task to perform an LDAP enumeration on a target system. The system is secured and accepts connections only on secure LDAP. The CEH uses Python for the enumeration process. After successfully installing LDAP and establishing a connection with the target, he attempts to fetch details like the domain name and naming context but is unable to receive the expected response. Considering the circumstances, which of the following is the most plausible reason for this situation?

The secure LDAP connection was not properly initialized due to a lack of 'use_ssl = True' in the server object creation

The Python version installed on the CEH's machine is incompatible with the Idap3 library

The secure LDAP connection was not properly initialized due to a lack of 'use_ssl = True' in the server object creation

The enumeration process was blocked by the target system's intrusion detection system

The system failed to establish a connection due to an incorrect port number

An ethical hacker is scanning a target network. They initiate a TCP connection by sending an SYN packet to a target machine and receiving a SYN/ACK packet in response. But instead of completing the three-way handshake with an ACK packet, they send an RST packet. What kind of scan is the ethical hacker likely performing and what is their goal?

They are performing an SYN scan to stealthily identify open ports without fully establishing a connection

They are performing a TCP connect scan to identify open ports on the target machine

They are performing a vulnerability scan to identify any weaknesses in the target system

They are performing a network scan to identify live hosts and their IP addresses

A penetration tester is conducting an assessment of a web application for a financial institution. The application uses form-based authentication and does not implement account lockout policies after multiple failed login attempts. Interestingly, the application displays detailed error messages that disclose whether the username or password entered is incorrect. The tester also notices that the application uses HTTP headers to prevent clickjacking attacks but does not implement Content Security Policy (CSP). With these observations, which of the following attack methods would likely be the most effective for the penetration tester to exploit these vulnerabilities and attempt unauthorized access?

The tester could execute a Brute Force attack, leveraging the lack of account lockout policy and the verbose error messages to guess the correct credentials

The tester could exploit a potential SQL Injection vulnerability to manipulate the application's database

The tester could launch a Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attack to steal authenticated session cookies, potentially bypassing the clickjacking protection

The tester could execute a Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attack to intercept and modify the HTTP headers for a Clickjacking attack

As a budding cybersecurity enthusiast, you have set up a small lab at home to learn more about wireless network security. While experimenting with your home Wi-Fi network, you decide to use a well-known hacking tool to capture network traffic and attempt to crack the Wi-Fi password. However, despite many attempts, you have been unsuccessful. Your home Wi-Fi network uses WPA2 Personal with AES encryption.Why are you finding it difficult to crack the Wi-Fi password?

The network is using an uncrackable encryption method

The Wi-Fi password is too complex and long

The network is using an uncrackable encryption method

The network is using MAC address filtering.

A large e-commerce organization is planning to implement a vulnerability assessment solution to enhance its security posture. They require a solution that imitates the outside view of attackers, performs well-organized inference-based testing, scans automatically against continuously updated databases, and supports multiple networks. Given these requirements, which type of vulnerability assessment solution would be most appropriate?

Service-based solution offered by an auditing firm

Inference-based assessment solution

Service-based solution offered by an auditing firm

Product-based solution installed on a private network

You are a cybersecurity consultant for a global organization. The organization has adopted a Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)policy, but they have recently experienced a phishing incident where an employee's device was compromised. In the investigation, you discovered that the phishing attack occurred through a third-party email app that the employee had installed. Given the need to balance security and user autonomy under the BYOD policy, how should the organization mitigate the risk of such incidents? Moreover, consider a measure that would prevent similar attacks without overly restricting the use of personal devices.

Conduct regular cybersecurity awareness training, focusing on phishing attacks.

Provide employees with corporate-owned devices for work-related tasks.

Implement a mobile device management solution that restricts the installation of non-approved applications.

Require all employee devices to use a company-provided VPN for internet access.

Conduct regular cybersecurity awareness training, focusing on phishing attacks.

You are a cybersecurity specialist at CloudTech Inc., a company providing cloud-based services. You are managing a project for a client who wants to migrate their sensitive data to a public cloud service. To comply with regulatory requirements, the client insists on maintaining full control over the encryption keys even when the data is at rest on the cloud. Which of the following practices should you implement to meet this requirement?

Encrypt data client-side before uploading to the cloud and retain control of the encryption keys.

Use the cloud service provider's encryption services but store keys on-premises.

Use the cloud service provider's default encryption and key management services.

Rely on Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) encryption for data at rest.

Encrypt data client-side before uploading to the cloud and retain control of the encryption keys.

Sarah, a system administrator, was alerted of potential malicious activity on the network of her company. She discovered a malicious program spread through the instant messenger application used by her team. The attacker had obtained access to one of her teammate's messenger accounts and started sending files across the contact list. Which best describes the attack scenario and what measure could have prevented it?

Instant Messenger Applications; verifying the sender's identity before opening any files

Insecure Patch Management; updating application software regularly

Rogue/Decoy Applications; ensuring software is labeled as TRUSTED

Portable Hardware Media/Removable Devices; disabling Autorun functionality

You're the security manager for a tech company that uses a database to store sensitive customer data. You have implemented countermeasures against SQL injection attacks. Recently, you noticed some suspicious activities and suspect an attacker is using SQL injection techniques. The attacker is believed to use different forms of payloads in his SQL queries. In the case of a successful SQL injection attack, which of the following payloads would have the most significant impact?

OR 'a'='a; DROP TABLE members; --: This payload combines the manipulation of the WHERE clause with a destructive action, causing data loss

'OR 'T='1: This payload manipulates the WHERE clause of an SQL statement, allowing the attacker to view unauthorized data

'OR username LIKE '%: This payload uses the LIKE operator to search for a specific pattern in a column

OR 'a'='a; DROP TABLE members; --: This payload combines the manipulation of the WHERE clause with a destructive action, causing data loss

UNION SELECT NULL, NULL, NULL -- : This payload manipulates the UNION SQL operator, enabling the attacker to retrieve data from different database tables

Your company, SecureTech Inc., is planning to transmit some sensitive data over an unsecured communication channel. As a cyber security expert, you decide to use symmetric key encryption to protect the data. However, you must also ensure the secure exchange of the symmetric key. Which of the following protocols would you recommend to the team to achieve this?

Applying the Diffie-Hellman protocol to exchange the symmetric key.

Implementing SSL certificates on your company's web servers.

Applying the Diffie-Hellman protocol to exchange the symmetric key.

Switching all data transmission to the HTTPS protocol.

Utilizing SSH for secure remote logins to the servers.

During an attempt to perform an SQL injection attack, a certified ethical hacker is focusing on the identification of database engine type by generating an ODBC error. The ethical hacker, after injecting various payloads, finds that the web application returns a standard, generic error message that does not reveal any detailed database information. Which of the following techniques would the hacker consider next to obtain useful information about the underlying database?

Utilize a blind injection technique that uses time delays or error signatures to extract information

Use the UNION operator to combine the result sets of two or more SELECT statements

Attempt to compromise the system through OS-level command shell execution

Try to insert a string value where a number is expected in the input field

Utilize a blind injection technique that uses time delays or error signatures to extract information

A malicious user has acquired a Ticket Granting Service from the domain controller using a valid user's Ticket Granting Ticket in a Kerberoasting attack. He exhorted the TGS tickets from memory for offline cracking. But the attacker was stopped before he could complete his attack. The system administrator needs to investigate and remediate the potential breach. What should be the immediate step the system administrator takes?

invalidate the TGS the attacker acquired

Perform a system reboot to clear the memory

Delete the compromised user's account

Change the NTLM password hash used to encrypt the ST

invalidate the TGS the attacker acquired

An ethical hacker is hired to conduct a comprehensive network scan of a large organization that strongly suspects potential intrusions into their internal systems. The hacker decides to employ a combination of scanning tools to obtain a detailed understanding of the network. Which sequence of actions would provide the most comprehensive information about the network's status?

Use Hping3 for an ICMP ping scan on the entire subnet, then use Nmap for a SYN scan on identified active hosts, and finally use Metasploit to exploit identified vulnerabilities

Initiate with Nmap for a ping sweep, then use Metasploit to scan for open ports and services, and finally use Hping3 to perform remote OS fingerprinting

Use Hping3 for an ICMP ping scan on the entire subnet, then use Nmap for a SYN scan on identified active hosts, and finally use Metasploit to exploit identified vulnerabilities

Start with Hping3 for a UDP scan on random ports, then use Nmap for a version detection scan, and finally use Metasploit to exploit detected vulnerabilities

Begin with NetScanTools Pro for a general network scan, then use Nmap for OS detection and version detection, and finally perform an SYN flooding with Hping3

You are the chief cybersecurity officer at CloudSecure Inc., and your team is responsible for securing a cloudbased application that handles sensitive customer data. To ensure that the data is protected from breaches, you have decided to implement encryption for both data-at-rest and data-in-transit. The development team suggests using SSL/TLS for securing data in transit. However, you want to also implement a mechanism to detect if the data was tampered with during transmission. Which of the following should you propose?

Implement IPsec in addition to SSL/TLS.

Qswitch to using SSH for data transmission.

Use the cloud service provider's built-in encryption services.

Encrypt data using the AES algorithm before transmission.

As part of a college project, you have set up a web server for hosting your team's application. Given your interest in cybersecurity, you have taken the lead in securing the server. You are aware that hackers often attempt to exploit server misconfigurations. Which of the following actions would best protect your web server from potential misconfiguration-based attacks?

Performing regular server configuration audits

Enabling multi-factor authentication for users

Implementing a firewall to filter traffic

Regularly backing up server data

You are an ethical hacker tasked with conducting an enumeration of a company's network. Given a Windows system with NetBIOS enabled, port 139 open, and file and printer sharing active, you are about to run some nbtstat commands to enumerate NetBIOS names. The company uses |Pv6 for its network. Which of the following actions should you take next?

Switch to an enumeration tool that supports IPv6

Use nbtstat -c to get the contents of the NetBIOS name cache

use nbtstat -a followed by the IPv6 address of the target machine

Utilize Nmap Scripting Engine (NSE) for NetBIOS enumeration

Switch to an enumeration tool that supports IPv6

You are the lead cybersecurity analyst at a multinational corporation that uses a hybrid encryption system to secure inter-departmental communications. The system uses RSA encryption for key exchange and AES for data encryption, taking advantage of the strengths of both asymmetric and symmetric encryption. Each RSA key pair has a size of 'n' bits, with larger keys providing more security at the cost of slower performance. The time complexity of generating an RSA key pair is O(n*2), and AES encryption has a time complexity of O(n). An attacker has developed a quantum algorithm with time complexity O((log n)*2) to crack RSA encryption. Given *n=4000' and variable 'AES key size', which scenario is likely to provide the best balance of security and performance? which scenario would provide the best balance of security and performance?

Data encryption with AES-128: Provides moderate security and fast encryption, offering a balance between the two.

Data encryption with 3DES using a 168-bit key: Offers high security but slower performance due to 3DES's inherent inefficiencies.

Data encryption with Blowfish using a 448-bit key: Offers high security but potential compatibility issues due to Blowfish's less widespread use.

Data encryption with AES-128: Provides moderate security and fast encryption, offering a balance between the two.

Data encryption with AES-256: Provides high security with better performance than 3DES, but not as fast as other AES key sizes.

As a part of an ethical hacking exercise, an attacker is probing a target network that is suspected to employ various honeypot systems for security. The attacker needs to detect and bypass these honeypots without alerting the target. The attacker decides to utilize a suite of techniques. Which of the following techniques would NOT assist in detecting a honeypot?

Implementing a brute force attack to verify system vulnerability

Probing system services and observing the three-way handshake

Using honeypot detection tools like Send-Safe Honeypot Hunter

Implementing a brute force attack to verify system vulnerability

Analyzing the MAC address to detect instances running on VMware

A penetration tester is tasked with gathering information about the subdomains of a target organization's website. The tester needs a versatile and efficient solution for the task. Which of the following options would be the most effective method to accomplish this goal?

Employing a tool like Sublist3r, which is designed to enumerate the subdomains of websites using OSINT

Analyzing Linkedin profiles to find employees of the target company and their job titles

Utilizing the Harvester tool to extract email addresses related to the target domain using a search engine like Google or Bing

Using a people search service, such as Spokeo or Intelius, to gather information about the employees of the target organization

In the process of footprinting a target website, an ethical hacker utilized various tools to gather critical information. The hacker encountered a target site where standard web spiders were ineffective due to a specific file in its root directory. However, they managed to uncover all the files and web pages on the target site, monitoring the resulting incoming and outgoing traffic while browsing the website manually. What technique did the hacker likely employ to achieve this?

User-directed spidering with tools like Burp Suite and WebScarab

Using Photon to retrieve archived URLs of the target website from archive.org

Using the Netcraft tool to gather website information

Examining HTML source code and cookies

User-directed spidering with tools like Burp Suite and WebScarab

Your company, Encryptor Corp, is developing a new application that will handle highly sensitive user information. As a cybersecurity specialist, you want to ensure this data is securely stored. The development team proposes a method where data is hashed and then encrypted before storage. However, you want an added layer of security to verify the integrity of the data upon retrieval. Which of the following cryptographic concepts should you propose to the team?

Implement a block cipher mode of operation.

Suggest using salt with hashing.

Switch to elliptic curve cryptography.

An organization has been experiencing intrusion attempts despite deploying an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) and Firewalls. As a Certified Ethical Hacker, you are asked to reinforce the intrusion detection process and recommend a better rule-based approach. The IDS uses Snort rules and the new recommended tool should be able to complement it. You suggest using YARA rules with an additional tool for rule generation. Which of the following tools would be the best choice for this purpose and why?

yarGen - Because it generates YARA rules from strings identified in malware files while removing strings that also appear in goodware files

AutoYara - Because it automates the generation of YARA rules from a set of malicious and benign files

yarGen - Because it generates YARA rules from strings identified in malware files while removing strings that also appear in goodware files

YaraRET - Because it helps in reverse engineering Trojans to generate YARA rules

koodous - Because it combines social networking with antivirus signatures and YARA rules to detect malware

A cyber attacker has initiated a series of activities against a high-profile organization following the Cyber KillChain Methodology. The attacker is presently in the "Delivery" stage. As an Ethical Hacker, you are trying to anticipate the adversary's next move. What is the most probable subsequent action from the attacker based on the Cyber Kill Chain Methodology?

The attacker will exploit the malicious payload delivered to the target organization and establish a foothold.

The attacker will attempt to escalate privileges to gain complete control of the compromised system.

The attacker will exploit the malicious payload delivered to the target organization and establish a foothold.

The attacker will initiate an active connection to the target system to gather more data.

The attacker will start reconnaissance to gather as much information as possible about the target.

An experienced cyber attacker has created a fake Linkedin profile, successfully impersonating a high-ranking official from a well-established company, to execute a social engineering attack. The attacker then connected with other employees within the organization, receiving invitations to exclusive corporate events and gaining access to proprietary project details shared within the network. What advanced social engineering technique has the attacker primarily used to exploit the system and what is the most likely immediate threat to the organization?

Pretexting and Network Vulnerability

Baiting and Involuntary Data Leakage

A large corporate network is being subjected to repeated sniffing attacks. To increase security, the company's IT department decides to implement a combination of several security measures. They permanently add theMAC address of the gateway to the ARP cache, switch to using IPv6 instead of IPv4, implement the use of encrypted sessions such as SSH instead of Telnet, and use Secure File Transfer Protocol instead of FTP.However, they are still faced with the threat of sniffing. Considering the countermeasures, what should be their next step to enhance network security?

Implement network scanning and monitoring tools

Use HTTP instead of HTTPS for protecting usernames and passwords

Implement network scanning and monitoring tools

Enable network identification broadcasts

Retrieve MAC addresses from the OS

During a reconnaissance mission, an ethical hacker uses Maltego, a popular footprinting tool, to collect information about a target organization. The information includes the target's Internet infrastructure details (domains, DNS names, Netblocks, IP address information). The hacker decides to use social engineering techniques to gain further information. Which of the following would be the least likely method of social engineering to yield beneficial information based on the data collected?

Shoulder surfing to observe sensitive credentials input on the target's computers

Impersonating an ISP technical support agent to trick the target into providing further network details

Dumpster diving in the target company's trash bins for valuable printouts

Eavesdropping on internal corporate conversations to understand key topics

In the process of implementing a network vulnerability assessment strategy for a tech company, the security analyst is confronted with the following scenarios:1) A legacy application is discovered on the network, which no longer receives updates from the vendor.2) Several systems in the network are found running outdated versions of web browsers prone to distributed attacks.3) The network firewall has been configured using default settings and passwords.4) Certain TCP/IP protocols used in the organization are inherently insecure.The security analyst decides to use vulnerability scanning software. Which of the following limitations of vulnerability assessment should the analyst be most cautious about in this context?

Vulnerability scanning software is not immune to software engineering flaws that might lead to serious vulnerabilities being missed

Vulnerability scanning software is limited in its ability to perform live tests on web applications to detect errors or unexpected behavior

Vulnerability scanning software cannot define the impact of an identified vulnerability on different business operations

Vulnerability scanning software is limited in its ability to detect vulnerabilities at a given point in time

Vulnerability scanning software is not immune to software engineering flaws that might lead to serious vulnerabilities being missed

In a large organization, a network security analyst discovered a series of packet captures that seem unusual.The network operates on a switched Ethernet environment. The security team suspects that an attacker might be using a sniffer tool. Which technique could the attacker be using to successfully carry out this attack, considering the switched nature of the network?

The attacker might be implementing MAC flooding to overwhelm the switch's memory

The attacker might be compromising physical security to plug into the network directly

The attacker might be implementing MAC flooding to overwhelm the switch's memory

The attacker is probably using a Trojan horse with in-built sniffing capability

The attacker might be using passive sniffing, as it provides significant stealth advantages

While performing a security audit of a web application, an ethical hacker discovers a potential vulnerability.The application responds to logically incorrect queries with detailed error messages that divulge the underlying database's structure. The ethical hacker decides to exploit this vulnerability further. Which type of SQL Injection attack is the ethical hacker likely to use?

Blind/inferential SQL Injection

A security analyst is preparing to analyze a potentially malicious program believed to have infiltrated an organization's network. To ensure the safety and integrity of the production environment, the analyst decided to use a sheep dip computer for the analysis. Before initiating the analysis, what key step should the analyst take?

Store the potentially malicious program on an external medium, such as a CD-ROM

Run the potentially malicious program on the sheep dip computer to determine its behavior

Store the potentially malicious program on an external medium, such as a CD-ROM

Connect the sheep dip computer to the organization's internal network

install the potentially malicious program on the sheep dip computer

A network security analyst, while conducting penetration testing, is aiming to identify a service account password using the Kerberos authentication protocol. They have a valid user authentication ticket (TGT) and decided to carry out a Kerberoasting attack. In the scenario described, which of the following steps should the analyst take next?

Request a service ticket for the service principal name of the target service account

Carry out a passive wire sniffing operation using Internet packet sniffers

Extract plaintext passwords, hashes, PIN codes, and Kerberos tickets using a tool like Mimikatz

Perform a PRobability INfinite Chained Elements (PRINCE) attack

Request a service ticket for the service principal name of the target service account

As a security analyst for Sky Secure Inc., you are working with a client that uses a multi-cloud strategy, utilizing services from several cloud providers. The client wants to implement a system that will provide unified security management across all their cloud platforms. They need a solution that allows them to consistently enforce security policies, identify and respond to threats, and maintain visibility of all their cloud resources. Which of the following should you recommend as the best solution?

Use a Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB).

Use a hardware-based firewall to secure all cloud resources.

implement separate security management tools for each cloud platform.

Use a Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB).

Rely on the built-in security features of each cloud platform.

An IT security team is conducting an internal review of security protocols in their organization to identify potential vulnerabilities. During their investigation, they encounter a suspicious program running on several computers. Further examination reveals that the program has been logging all user keystrokes. How can the security team confirm the type of program and what countermeasures should be taken to ensure the same attack does not occur in the future?

The program is a keylogger; the team should employ intrusion detection systems and regularly update the system software

The program is a Trojan; the tearm should regularly update antivirus software and install a reliable firewall

The program is spyware; the team should use password managers and encrypt sensitive data

The program is a keylogger; the team should employ intrusion detection systems and regularly update the system software

The program is a keylogger; the team should educate employees about phishing attacks and maintain regular backups

ECCouncil 312-50v12 Practice Test 14 - Free Online Exam Prep & Questions

During a penetration testing assignment, a Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) used a set of scanning tools to create a profile of the target organization. The CEH wanted to scan for live hosts, open ports, and services on a target network. He used Nmap for network inventory and Hping3 for network security auditing. However, he wanted to spoof IP addresses for anonymity during probing. Which command should the CEH use to perform this task?

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ECCouncil 312-50v12 Practice Test 14

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ECCouncil 312-50v12 Practice Tests

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