Nokia 4A0-205 Practice Test - Questions Answers, Page 2

Services are transported over trails; that is, services are clients with respect to trails. A service is a logical connection that is used to transport data from one point to another. It is created over a trail, which is a physical connection that is established by using multiple wavelengths. As such, services are clients with respect to trails, as they are transported over them.

A trail is a transparent transport of a client signal. A trail is a physical link between two points in an optical network, allowing for the transport of a client signal from one point to the other. It is a loworder signal, such as a 10G Ethernet or a Fibre Channel signal, encapsulated into a high-order container, such as a 40G or 100G signal. This allows for the transport of the client signal over longer distances, increasing the power budget of the optical link.

A star topology is a network design where all devices are connected to a central hub, which acts as a central point of control and management for the network. This type of topology is commonly used in access networks, where a central node is used to aggregate traffic from multiple users or devices, and then forward it to the core network. This design allows for efficient use of resources and easy management of the network.

Reference:

"Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach" by James Kurose and Keith Ross (Chapter 3) "Data Communications and Networking" by Behrouz A. Forouzan (Chapter 2)

The Metro Area Network (MAN) is a telecommunications network that spans a metropolitan area and connects multiple local area networks (LANs) or business networks together. It typically covers an area that is larger than a LAN but smaller than a wide area network (WAN). The purpose of a MAN is to provide a high-bandwidth, low-latency communication infrastructure for businesses and other organizations in a metropolitan area.

Reference:

Cisco, "Metro Ethernet Services," https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/service-provider/metroethernet-services/index.html

Techopedia, "Metro Area Network (MAN)," https://www.techopedia.com/definition/26896/metroarea-network-man

It is an RJ-45 interface (a common Ethernet port) that has to be configured with an IP address for node reachability and management. This interface is used to connect the OAMP node to the LAN, allowing it to be managed and monitored remotely.

A log is a record of events that have occurred within a system, such as a network device or an application. Logs can include information about system activity, configuration changes, and error messages. They can be used for troubleshooting, auditing, and compliance purposes. Logs can report both active (real-time) and historical events that have occurred within a system.

Alarms and conditions, on the other hand, are used to notify operators of real-time status of the node, such as when a threshold is breached or when a specific event occurs. Alarms and conditions are typically used to provide real-time notifications of potential problems or issues, while logs are used to provide a historical record of what has occurred.

Reference: -https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_log -

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/net_mgmt/ciscoworks_common_services_software/3-1/user/guide/logs/logs.html -

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/net_mgmt/prime/infrastructure/3-4/user/guide/alarms/alarms.html

Tracking the protection path for a specific wavelength. The Wavelength Tracker tool is used to track the protection path of a specific wavelength, allowing the user to quickly identify any issues that may arise and take corrective action.

Wavelength Tracker tool is a feature used to monitor and track the protection path for a specific wavelength in an optical network. It can also be used to monitor and verify the working state of the protection path, and to detect and troubleshoot protection switch events. The Wavelength Tracker tool can be used to monitor the protection path for a specific wavelength, and it can also be used to trace the end-to-end path of a wavelength through the network. This tool is typically used by network operators to monitor and troubleshoot wavelength-level issues in the network, such as protection switch events or wavelength-level performance issues.

Yes, the user can apply manual changes but only for non-GMPLS nodes, as the control plane reserves node resources not editable by the user. The edit EPT menu allows the user to view information about a node but is not used to modify node parameters. The user can only apply manual changes to non-GMPLS nodes, as the control plane reserves node resources which cannot be modified by the user.