Isaca CISM Practice Test - Questions Answers, Page 25

= The organizational tolerance to service interruption is the most important consideration when defining a recovery strategy in a business continuity plan (BCP), as it reflects the degree of risk that the organization is willing to accept in the event of a disaster. The organizational tolerance to service interruption determines the acceptable level of downtime, data loss, or disruption that the organization can tolerate, and thus guides the selection of recovery objectives, strategies, and resources. Legal and regulatory requirements are external factors that influence the recovery strategy, but are not the primary consideration. Likelihood of a disaster is a factor that affects the recovery strategy, but is not the most important one.Geographical location of the backup site is a factor that affects the recovery strategy, but is not as critical as organizational tolerance to service interruption.Reference= CISM Review Manual, 16th Edition, page 1731; CISM Review Questions, Answers & Explanations Manual, 10th Edition, page 792

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The fundamental purpose of establishing security metrics is to provide feedback on the effectiveness of the information security controls and processes. Security metrics are quantitative or qualitative measures that indicate how well the organization is achieving its security objectives and goals. Security metrics can help the information security manager to monitor, evaluate, and improve the performance of the information security program, as well as to identify gaps, weaknesses, and areas for improvement. Security metrics can also help the organization to demonstrate compliance with internal and external standards, regulations, and best practices.Increasing return on investment (ROI), adopting security best practices, and establishing security benchmarks are possible outcomes or benefits of using security metrics, but they are not the fundamental purpose of establishing them.Reference= CISM Review Manual, 16th Edition, pages 46-471; CISM Review Questions, Answers & Explanations Manual, 10th Edition, page 642

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Security metrics are used to measure the effectiveness of controls and evaluate the overall security posture of an organization. This feedback provides an understanding of the progress made towards achieving security objectives and allows organizations to make necessary adjustments.

Information asset classification is the process of identifying, labeling, and categorizing information assets based on their value, sensitivity, and criticality to the organization. Information asset classification helps to establish appropriate security controls, policies, and procedures for protecting the information assets from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, modification, or destruction. One of the key elements of information asset classification is assigning owners to each information asset. Owners are responsible for managing the information asset throughout its lifecycle, including defining its security requirements, implementing security controls, monitoring its usage and performance, reporting any incidents or breaches, and ensuring compliance with legal and regulatory obligations.Therefore, assigning responsibility to the database administrator (DBA) is the best way to address the situation where several production databases do not have owners assigned to them.Reference= CISM Review Manual 15th Edition1, page 256; Information Asset and Security Classification Procedure2.

= A merger with another organization would MOST likely require a revision to the information security program, because it involves a significant change in the scope, structure, and objectives of the organization. A merger could affect the information security policies, procedures, roles, responsibilities, and resources of the organization, as well as introduce new risks and challenges. Therefore, the information security program should be reviewed and updated to reflect the new situation and ensure alignment with the organizational goals and strategies.An increase in industry threat level, a significant increase in reported incidents, and a change in IT management are all events that could affect the information security program without necessarily requiring a revision.Reference= CISM Review Manual, 16th Edition, page 3181; CISM Review Questions, Answers & Explanations Manual, 10th Edition, page 1532

Server-based malware protection is not enforced is the issue that would be of GREATEST concern to an information security manager, as it exposes the web-based application and its data to potential threats from malicious software that can compromise the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the information. Server-based malware protection is a security control that monitors and blocks malicious activities on the server where the application runs, such as viruses, worms, trojans, ransomware, etc. Without server-based malware protection, the web-based application may be vulnerable to attacks that can damage or destroy the data stored on the server, or disrupt the normal functioning of the application. The other issues are also important, but not as critical as server-based malware protection. The application does not use a secure communications protocol may expose sensitive data in transit to eavesdropping or interception by unauthorized parties. The application is configured with restrictive access controls may limit the access rights of legitimate users to authorized resources, but it does not prevent unauthorized users from accessing them through other means.The business process has only one level of error checking may result in incorrect or inconsistent data entry or processing, but it does not guarantee data quality or accuracy.Reference= CISM Review Manual, 16th Edition, page 1751; CISM Review Questions, Answers & Explanations Manual, 10th Edition, page 812

Patch management files are the files that contain the patches or updates for the software applications and systems that are installed on the compromised system. Patch management files are essential to recover a compromised system that needs a complete rebuild, as they can help to restore the functionality, security, and performance of the system. Without patch management files, the system may not be able to run properly or securely, and may expose the organization to further risks or vulnerabilities. Network system logs, configuration management files, and intrusion detection system (IDS) logs are also important for recovering a compromised system, but they should be considered after patch management files.Network system logs can help to identify the source and scope of the attack, configuration management files can help to restore the original settings and policies of the system, and IDS logs can help to detect any malicious activities or anomalies on the system.Reference= CISM Review Manual, 16th Edition, pages 193-1941; CISM Review Questions, Answers & Explanations Manual, 10th Edition, page 672

The BEST indication that an organization has a mature information security culture is when its staff consistently consider risk in making decisions. When an organization's staff understands the risks associated with their actions and are empowered to make risk-informed decisions, it indicates that the organization has a mature information security culture.

According to the Certified Information Security Manager (CISM) Study Manual, 'A mature information security culture exists when the people within the organization understand and appreciate the risks associated with information and technology and when they take steps to manage those risks on a daily basis.'

While information security training, documented information security policies, and regular interaction between the chief information security officer (CISO) and the board are all important components of a mature information security culture, they are not sufficient on their own. It is only when staff consistently consider risk in making decisions that an organization's information security culture can be considered mature.

Certified Information Security Manager (CISM) Study Manual, 15th Edition, Pages 151-152.

According to the Certified Information Security Manager (CISM) Study Manual, a mature information security culture is one in which staff members regularly consider risk in their decisions. This means that they are aware of the risks associated with their actions and take preventative steps to reduce the likelihood of negative outcomes. Other indicators of a mature information security culture include mandatory information security training for all staff, documented and communicated information security policies, and regular interaction between the CISO and the board.

Maintaining an information security governance framework enables an organization to identify, assess, and manage its information security risks. By establishing policies, procedures, and controls that are aligned with the organization's objectives and risk tolerance, an information security governance framework helps ensure that information security risks are managed to an acceptable level.

According to the Certified Information Security Manager (CISM) Study Manual, 'Information security governance provides a framework for managing and controlling information security practices and technologies at an enterprise level. Its primary objective is to manage and reduce risk through a process of identification, assessment, and management of those risks.'

While the other options listed (prioritizing resources, communicating guidelines, and remaining compliant with regulations) are also important benefits of maintaining an information security governance framework, they are all secondary to the primary benefit of managing business risks to an acceptable level.

Certified Information Security Manager (CISM) Study Manual, 15th Edition, Pages 60-63.

The most effective way to gain senior management approval of security investments in network infrastructure is by demonstrating that targeted security controls tie to business objectives.

Security investments should be tied to business objectives and should support the overall goals of the organization. By demonstrating that the security controls will directly support the organization's business objectives, senior management will be more likely to approve the investment.

According to the Certified Information Security Manager (CISM) Study Manual, 'To gain senior management's approval for investments in security, it is essential to show how the security controls tie to business objectives and are in support of the overall goals of the organization.'

While performing penetration tests against the network, highlighting competitor performance, and presenting comparable security implementation estimates from vendors are all useful in presenting the value of security investments, they are not as effective as demonstrating how the security controls will support the organization's business objectives.

Certified Information Security Manager (CISM) Study Manual, 15th Edition, Page 305.