Quiz IT certification exam

Question 1

A company wants to use AWS Systems Manager documents to bootstrap physical laptops for developers. The bootstrap code is stored in GitHub. A DevOps engineer has already created a Systems Manager activation, installed the Systems Manager agent with the registration code, and installed an activation ID on all the laptops.

Which set of steps should be taken next?

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Accepted Answer

Configure the Systems Manager document to use the AWS-RunShellScript command to copy the files from GitHub to Amazon S3, then use the aws-downloadContent plugin with a sourceType of S3.

Answer

Configure the Systems Manager document to use the aws-configurePackage plugin with an install action and point to the Git repository.

Answer

Configure the Systems Manager document to use the aws-downloadContent plugin with a sourceType of GitHub and sourceInfo with the repository details.

Answer

Configure the Systems Manager document to use the aws:softwareInventory plugin and run the script from the Git repository.

Question 2

You have an application running a specific process that is critical to the application's functionality, and have added the health check process to your Auto Scaling Group. The instances are showing healthy but the application itself is not working as it should. What could be the issue with the health check, since it is still showing the instances as healthy.

Accepted Answer

The health check is not checking the application process

Answer

You do not have the time range in the health check properly configured

Answer

It is not possible for a health check to monitor a process that involves the application

Answer

The health check is not configured properly

Question 3

A user is creating a new EBS volume from an existing snapshot. The snapshot size shows 10 GB. Can the user create a volume of 30 GB from that snapshot?

Accepted Answer

Yes

Answer

Provided the original volume has set the change size attribute to true

Answer

Provided the snapshot has the modify size attribute set as true

Answer

No

Question 4

A Developer is designing a continuous deployment workflow for a new Development team to facilitate the process for source code promotion in AWS. Developers would like to store and promote code for deployment from development to production while maintaining the ability to roll back that deployment if it fails. Which design will incur the LEAST amount of downtime?

Accepted Answer

Create one repository in AWS CodeCommit. Create a development branch to hold merged changes. Use AWS CodeBuild to build and test the code stored in the development branch triggered on a new commit. Merge to the master and deploy to production by using AWS CodeDeploy for a blue/green deployment.

Answer

Create one repository for each Developer in AWS CodeCommit and another repository to hold the production code. Use AWS CodeBuild to merge development and production repositories, and deploy to production by using AWS CodeDeploy for a blue/green deployment.

Answer

Create one repository for development code in AWS CodeCommit and another repository to hold the production code. Use AWS CodeBuild to merge development and production repositories, and deploy to production by using AWS CodeDeploy for a blue/green deployment.

Answer

Create a shared Amazon S3 bucket for the Development team to store their code. Set up an Amazon CloudWatch Events rule to trigger an AWS Lambda function that deploys the code to production by using AWS CodeDeploy for a blue/green deployment.

Question 5

What are the bare minimum requirements for a valid Ansible playbook?

Accepted Answer

At least one play with at least a hosts declaration

Answer

The hosts, connection type, fact gathering, vars and tasks.

Answer

The hosts declaration and tasks

Answer

A YAML file with a single line containing `---'.

Question 6

When thinking of DynamoDB, what are true of Local Secondary Key properties?

Accepted Answer

Only the sort key can be different from the table.

Answer

Either the partition key or the sort key can be different from the table, but not both.

Answer

The partition key and sort key can be different from the table.

Answer

Only the partition key can be different from the table.

Question 7

A healthcare company has a critical application running in AWS. Recently, the company experienced some down time. If it happens again, the company needs to be able to recover its application in another AWS Region. The application uses Elastic Load Balancing and Amazon EC2 instances. The company also maintains a custom AMI that contains its application. This AMI is changed frequently.The workload is required to run in the primary region, unless there is a regional service disruption, in which case traffic should fail over to the new region. Additionally, the cost for the second region needs to be low. The RTO is 2 hours. Which solution allows the company to fail over to another region in the event of a failure, and also meet the above requirements?

Accepted Answer

Automate the copying of the AMI to the backup region. Create an AWS Lambda function that can create a launch configuration and assign it to an already created Auto Scaling group. Set the Auto Scaling group maximum size to 0 and only increase it with the Lambda function during a failure. Trigger the Lambda function in the event of a failure. Use an Amazon Route 53 record and modify it with the same Lambda function to point to the load balancer in the backup region.

Answer

Maintain a copy of the AMI from the main region in the backup region. Create an Auto Scaling group with one instance using a launch configuration that contains the copied AMI. Use an Amazon Route 53 record to direct traffic to the load balancer in the backup region in the event of failure, as required. Allow the Auto Scaling group to scale out as needed during a failure.

Answer

Automate the copying of the AMI in the main region to the backup region. Generate an AWS Lambda function that will create an EC2 instance from the AMI and place it behind a load balancer. Using the same Lambda function, point the Amazon Route 53 record to the load balancer in the backup region. Trigger the Lambda function in the event of a failure.

Answer

Place the AMI in a replicated Amazon S3 bucket. Generate an AWS Lambda function that can create a launch configuration and assign it to an already created Auto Scaling group. Have one instance in this Auto Scaling group ready to accept traffic. Trigger the Lambda function in the event of a failure. Use an Amazon Route 53 record and modify it with the same Lambda function to point to the load balancer in the backup region.

Question 8

A company runs a database on a single Amazon EC2 instance in a development environment. The data is stored on separate Amazon EBS volumes that are attached to the EC2 instance. An Amazon Route 53 A record has been created and configured to point to the EC2 instance. The company would like to automate the recovery of the database instance when an instance or Availability Zone (AZ) fails. The company also wants to keep its costs low. The RTO is 4 hours and the RPO is 12 hours.Which solution should a DevOps Engineer implement to meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Run the database on two separate EC2 instances in different AZs. Configure one of the instances as a master and the other as a standby. Set up replication between the master and standby instances. Point the Route 53 record to the master.Configure an Amazon CloudWatch Events rule to invoke an AWS Lambda function upon the EC2 instance termination. The Lambda function launches a replacement EC2 instance. If the terminated instance was the active node, the function promotes the standby to master and points the Route 53 record to it.

Answer

Run the database in an Auto Scaling group with a minimum and maximum instance count of 1 in multiple AZs. Add a lifecycle hook to the Auto Scaling group and define an Amazon CloudWatch Events rule that is triggered when a lifecycle event occurs. Have the CloudWatch Events rule invoke an AWS Lambda function to detach or attach the Amazon EBS data volumes from the EC2 instance based on the event. Configure the EC2 instance UserData to mount the data volumes (retry on failure with a short delay), then start the database and update the Route 53 record.

Answer

Run the database on two separate EC2 instances in different AZs with one active and the other as a standby. Attach the data volumes to the active instance. Configure an Amazon CloudWatch Events rule to invoke an AWS Lambda function on EC2 instance termination. The Lambda function launches a replacement EC2 instance. If the terminated instance was the active node, then the function attaches the data volumes to the standby node. Start the database and update the Route 53 record.

Answer

Run the database in an Auto Scaling group with a minimum and maximum instance count of 1 in multiple AZs. Create an AWS Lambda function that is triggered by a scheduled Amazon CloudWatch Events rule every 4 hours to take a snapshot of the data volume and apply a tag. Have the instance UserData get the latest snapshot, create a new volume from it, and attach and mount the volume. Then start the database and update the Route 53 record.

Question 9

You have an Auto Sealing group of Instances that processes messages from an Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS) queue. The group scales on the size of the queue. Processing Involves calling a third-party web service. The web service is complaining about the number of failed and repeated calls it is receiving from you. You have noticed that when the group scales in, instances are being terminated while they are processing. What cost-effective solution can you use to reduce the number of incomplete process attempts?

Accepted Answer

Modify the application running on the instances to enable termination protection while it processes a task and disable it when the processing is complete.

Answer

Create a new Auto Scaling group with minimum and maximum of 2 and instances running web proxy software. Configure the VPC route table to route HTTP traffic to these web proxies.

Answer

Increase the minimum and maximum size for the Auto Scaling group, and change the scaling policies so they scale less dynamically.

Answer

Modify the application running on the instances to put itself into an Auto Scaling Standby state while it processes a task and return itself to InService when the processing is complete.

Question 10

A company that runs many workloads on AWS has an Amazon EBS spend that has increased over time. The DevOps team notices there are many unattached EBS volumes. Although there are workloads where volumes are detached, volumes over 14 days old are stale and no longer needed. A DevOps engineer has been tasked with creating automation that deletes unattached EBS volumes that have been unattached for 14 days. Which solution will accomplish this?

Accepted Answer

Use Amazon EC2 and Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager to configure a volume lifecycle policy. Set the interval period for unattached EBS volumes to 14 days and set the retention rule to delete. Set the policy target volumes as *.

Answer

Configure the AWS Config ec2-volume-inuse-check managed rule with a configuration changes trigger type and an Amazon EC2 volume resource target. Create a new Amazon CloudWatch Events rule scheduled to execute an AWS Lambda function in 14 days to delete the specified EBS volume.

Answer

Create an Amazon CloudWatch Events rule to execute an AWS Lambda function daily. The Lambda function should find unattached EBS volumes and tag them with the current date, and delete unattached volumes that have tags with dates that are more than 14 days old.

Answer

Use AWS Trusted Advisor to detect EBS volumes that have been detached for more than 14 days. Execute an AWS Lambda function that creates a snapshot and then deletes the EBS volume.

Question 11

You have been asked to handle a large data migration from multiple Amazon RDS MySQL instances to a DynamoDB table. You have been given a short amount of time to complete the data migration. What will allow you to complete this complex data processing workflow?

Accepted Answer

Create a data pipeline to export Amazon RDS data and import the data into DynamoDB.

Answer

Create an Amazon Kinesis data stream, pipe in all of the Amazon RDS data, and direct the data toward a DynamoDB table.

Answer

Write a script in your language of choice, install the script on an Amazon EC2 instance, and then use Auto Scaling groups to ensure that the latency of the migration pipelines never exceeds four seconds in any 15-minute period.

Answer

Write a bash script to run on your Amazon RDS instance that will export data into DynamoDB.

Question 12

A DevOps Engineer encountered the following error when attempting to use an AWS CloudFormation template to create an Amazon ECS cluster:An error occurred (InsufficientCapabilitiesException) when calling the CreateStack operation.What caused this error and what steps need to be taken to allow the Engineer to successfully execute the AWS CloudFormation template?

Accepted Answer

The CloudFormation execution was not granted the capability to create IAM resources. The Engineer needs to provide CAPABILITY_IAM and CAPABILITY_NAMED_IAM as capabilities in the CloudFormation execution parameters or provide the capabilities in the AWS Management Console.

Answer

The AWS user or role attempting to execute the CloudFormation template does not have the permissions required to create the resources within the template. The Engineer must review the user policies and add any permissions needed to create the resources and then rerun the template execution.

Answer

The AWS CloudFormation service cannot be reached and is not capable of creating the cluster. The Engineer needs to confirm that routing and firewall rules are not preventing the AWS CloudFormation script from communicating with the AWS service endpoints, and then rerun the template execution.

Answer

CloudFormation is not capable of fulfilling the request of the specified resources in the current AWS Region. The Engineer needs to specify a new region and rerun the template.

Question 13

Your application Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances bootstrap by using a master configuration file that is kept in a version-enabled Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) bucket. Which one of the following methods should you use to securely install the current configuration version onto the instances in a cost-effective way?

Accepted Answer

Associate an IAM EC2 role to the instances, and then simply get the object from Amazon S3, because the default is the current version.

Answer

Create an Amazon DynamoDB table to store the different versions of the configuration file. Associate AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) EC2 roles to the Amazon EC2 instances, and reference the DynamoDB table to get the latest file from Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3).

Answer

Associate an IAM S3 role to the bucket, list the object versions using the Amazon S3 API, and then get the latest object.

Answer

Associate an IAM EC2 role to the instances, list the object versions using the Amazon S3 API, and then get the latest object.

Answer

Store the IAM credentials in the Amazon EC2 user data for each instance, and then simply get the object from S3, because the default is the current version.

Question 14

You are using a configuration management system to manage your Amazon EC2 instances. On your Amazon EC2 Instances, you want to store credentials for connecting to an Amazon RDS DB instance. How should you securely store these credentials?

Accepted Answer

Give the Amazon EC2 instances an IAM role that allows read access to a private Amazon S3 bucket. Store a file with database credentials in the Amazon S3 bucket. Have your configuration management system pull the file from the bucket when it is needed.

Answer

Launch an Amazon EC2 instance and use the configuration management system to bootstrap the instance with the Amazon RDS DB credentials. Create an AMI from this instance.

Answer

Store the Amazon RDS DB credentials in Amazon EC2 user data. Import the credentials into the Instance on boot.

Answer

Assign an IAM role to your Amazon RDS instance, and use this IAM role to access the Amazon RDS DB from your Amazon EC2 instances.

Answer

Store your credentials in your version control system, in plaintext. Check out a copy of your credentials from the version control system on boot. Use Amazon EBS encryption on the volume storing the Amazon RDS DB credentials.

Question 15

A company is adopting serverless computing and is migrating some of its existing applications to AWS Lambda. A DevOps engineer must come up with an automated deployment strategy using AWS CodePipeline that should include proper version controls, branching strategies, and rollback methods. Which combination of steps should the DevOps engineer follow when setting up the pipeline? (Choose three.)

Accepted Answer

Use AWS CodeCommit as the source code repository.

Accepted Answer

Use AWS CloudFormation to create an AWS Serverless Application Model (AWS SAM) template for deployment.

Accepted Answer

Use AWS CodeDeploy to deploy the application.

Answer

Use Amazon S3 as the source code repository.

Answer

Use AWS CodeBuild to create an AWS Serverless Application Model (AWS SAM) template for deployment.

Answer

Use AWS CloudFormation to deploy the application.

Question 16

A government agency has multiple AWS accounts, many of which store sensitive citizen information. A Security team wants to detect anomalous account and network activities (such as SSH brute force attacks) in any account and centralize that information in a dedicated security account. Event information should be stored in an Amazon S3 bucket in the security account, which is monitored by the department’s Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) system. How can this be accomplished?

Accepted Answer

Enable Amazon GuardDuty in every account. Configure the security account as the GuardDuty Administrator for every member account using invitation/acceptance. Create an Amazon CloudWatch rule in the security account to send all findings to Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose, which will push the findings to the S3 bucket.

Answer

Enable Amazon Macie in every account. Configure the security account as the Macie Administrator for every member account using invitation/acceptance. Create an Amazon CloudWatch Events rule in the security account to send all findings to Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose, which should push the findings to the S3 bucket.

Answer

Enable Amazon Macie in the security account only. Configure the security account as the Macie Administrator for every member account using invitation/acceptance. Create an Amazon CloudWatch Events rule in the security account to send all findings to Amazon Kinesis Data Streams. Write an application using KCL to read data from the Kinesis Data Streams and write to the S3 bucket.

Answer

Enable Amazon GuardDuty in the security account only. Configure the security account as the GuardDuty Administrator for every member account using invitation/acceptance. Create an Amazon CloudWatch rule in the security account to send all findings to Amazon Kinesis Data Streams. Write an application using KCL to read data from Kinesis Data Streams and write to the S3 bucket.

Question 17

You have a high security requirement for your AWS accounts.What is the most rapid and sophisticated setup you can use to react to AWS API calls to your account?

Accepted Answer

Global AWS CloudTrail setup delivering to S3 with an SNS subscription to the deliver notifications, pushing into a Lambda, which inserts records into an ELK stack for analysis.

Answer

Subscription to AWS Config via an SNS Topic. Use a Lambda Function to perform in-flight analysis and reactivity to changes as they occur.

Answer

Use a CloudWatch Rule ScheduleExpression to periodically analyze IAM credential logs. Push the deltas for events into an ELK stack and perform ad-hoc analysis there.

Answer

CloudWatch Events Rules which trigger based on all AWS API calls, submitting all events to an AWS Kinesis Stream for arbitrary downstream analysis.

Question 18

A Development team uses AWS CodeCommit for source code control. Developers apply their changes to various feature branches and create pull requests to move those changes to the master branch when they are ready for production. A direct push to the master branch should not be allowed. The team applied the AWS managed policy AWSCodeCommitPowerUser to the Developers’ IAM Rote, but now members are able to push to the master branch directly on every repository in the AWS account. What actions should be taken to restrict this?

Accepted Answer

Create an additional policy to include a deny rule for the codecommit:GitPush action, and include a restriction for the specific repositories in the resource statement with a condition for the master reference.

Answer

Remove the IAM policy and add an AWSCodeCommitReadOnly policy. Add an allow rule for the codecommit:GitPush action for the specific repositories in the resource statement with a condition for the master reference.

Answer

Modify the IAM policy and include a deny rule for the codecommit:GitPush action for the specific repositories in the resource statement with a condition for the master reference.

Answer

Create an additional policy to include an allow rule for the codecommit:GitPush action and include a restriction for the specific repositories in the resource statement with a condition for the feature branches reference.

Question 19

By default, Amazon CloudTrail logs ____ actions defined by the CloudTrail ____ APIs.

Accepted Answer

bucket-level; RESTful

Answer

object-level; RESTful

Answer

object-level; SDK

Answer

bucket-level; SDK

Question 20

A company is using AWS CodeDeploy to manage its application deployments. Recently, the Development team decided to use GitHub for version control, and the team is looking for ways to integrate the GitHub repository with CodeDeploy. The team also needs to develop a way to automate deployment whenever there is a new commit on that repository. How can the integration be achieved in the MOST efficient way?

Accepted Answer

Create an AWS CodePipeline pipeline that uses GitHub as a source provider and AWS CodeDeploy as a deployment provider. Connect this new pipeline with the GitHub account and instruct CodePipeline to use webhooks in GitHub to automatically start the pipeline when a change occurs.

Answer

Create a GitHub webhook to replicate the repository to AWS CodeCommit. Create an AWS CodePipeline pipeline that uses CodeCommit as a source provider and AWS CodeDeploy as a deployment provider. Once configured, commit a change to the GitHub repository to start the first deployment.

Answer

Create an AWS Lambda function to check periodically if there has been a new commit within the GitHub repository. If a new commit is found, trigger a CreateDeployment API call to AWS CodeDeploy to start a new deployment based on the last commit ID within the deployment group.

Answer

Create an AWS CodeDeploy custom deployment configuration to associate the GitHub repository with the deployment group. During the association process, authenticate the deployment group with GitHub to obtain the GitHub security authentication token. Configure the deployment group options to automatically deploy if a new commit is found. Perform a new commit to the GitHub repository to trigger the first deployment.

Question 21

You have a high-traffic application running behind a load balancer with clients that are very sensitive to latency. How should you determine which back-end Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud application instances are causing increased latency so that they can be replaced?

Accepted Answer

By using the load balancer access logs.

Answer

By using the Elastic Load Balancing Latency CloudWatch metric.

Answer

By using the HTTP X-Forwarded-For header for requests from the load balancer.

Answer

By running a distributed load test to the load balancer.

Question 22

You would like to run automated, continuous application level integration tests on all members of an Auto Scaling group. Which two options should you use? (Choose two.)

Accepted Answer

Use the AWS SDK to run the DescribeAutoScalinglnstances API call on the Auto Scaling Group, iterate over the members using the Describe Instances API call, remotely connect to each Amazon EC2 instance, and then run the integration tests.

Accepted Answer

Set up a custom CloudWatch metric with the output of your integration tests that are run by a scheduled process on each instance, and then set up a CloudWatch alert for any failures.

Answer

Use the AWS SDK to run the DescribeInstances API call on the Auto Scaling group, and then iterate over the members and remotely connect to each Amazon EC2 instance and run the integration tests.

Answer

Using an Auto Cycle Group lifecycle policy, define a scheduled task to run integration tests when a new Amazon EC2 instance enters the InService state.

Answer

Set up a custom CloudWatch metric that uses the output of the DescribeAutoScalingInstances API call to determine the HealthCheck status of the Amazon EC2 instances.

Answer

Using the Auto Cycle Group lifecycle policy, define a scheduled task to run integration tests on individual instances using the Amazon EC2 user data to export test data to CloudWatch Logs.

Question 23

You have an application running on Amazon EC2 in an Auto Scaling group. Instances are being bootstrapped dynamically, and the bootstrapping takes over 15 minutes to complete. You find that instances are reported by Auto Scaling as being In Service before bootstrapping has completed. You are receiving application alarms related to new instances before they have completed bootstrapping, which is causing confusion. You find the cause: your application monitoring tool is polling the Auto Scaling Service API for instances that are In Service, and creating alarms for new previously unknown instances. Which of the following will ensure that new instances are not added to your application monitoring tool before bootstrapping is completed?

Accepted Answer

Create an Auto Scaling group lifecycle hook to hold the instance in a pending: wait state until your bootstrapping is complete. Once bootstrapping is complete, notify Auto Scaling to complete the lifecycle hook and move the instance into a pending: complete state.

Answer

Use the default Amazon CloudWatch application metrics to monitor your application's health. Configure an Amazon SNS topic to send these CloudWatch alarms to the correct recipients.

Answer

Tag all instances on launch to identify that they are in a pending state. Change your application monitoring tool to look for this tag before adding new instances, and the use the Amazon API to set the instance state to 'pending' until bootstrapping is complete.

Answer

Increase the desired number of instances in your Auto Scaling group configuration to reduce the time it takes to bootstrap future instances.

Question 24

If designing a single playbook to run across multiple Linux distributions that have distribution specific commands, what would be the best method to allow a successful run?

Accepted Answer

Enable fact gathering and use the `when' conditional to match the distribution to the task.

Answer

This is not possible, a separate playbook for each target Linux distribution is required.

Answer

Use `ignore_errors: true' in the tasks.

Answer

Use the `shell' module to write your own checks for each command that is ran.

Question 25

A company is using AWS CodePipeline to automate its release pipeline. AWS CodeDeploy is being used in the pipeline to deploy an application to Amazon ECS using the blue/green deployment model. The company wants to implement scripts to test the green version of the application before shifting traffic. These scripts will complete in 5 minutes or less. If errors are discovered during these tests, the application must be rolled back. Which strategy will meet these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Add a hooks section to the CodeDeploy AppSpec file. Use the AfterAllowTestTraffic lifecycle event to invoke an AWS Lambda function to run the test scripts. If errors are found, exit the Lambda function with an error to trigger rollback.

Answer

Add a stage to the CodePipeline pipeline between the source and deploy stages. Use AWS CodeBuild to create an execution environment and build commands in the buildspec file to invoke test scripts. If errors are found, use the aws deploy stop-deployment command to stop the deployment.

Answer

Add a stage to the CodePipeline pipeline between the source and deploy stages. Use this stage to execute an AWS Lambda function that will run the test scripts. If errors are found, use the aws deploy stop-deployment command to stop the deployment.

Answer

Add a hooks section to the CodeDeploy AppSpec file. Use the AfterAllowTraffic lifecycle event to invoke the test scripts. If errors are found, use the aws deploy stop-deployment CLI command to stop the deployment.

Question 26

You run a SIP-based telephony application that uses Amazon EC2 for its web tier and uses MySQL on Amazon RDS as its database. The application stores only the authentication profile data for its existing users in the database and therefore is read-intensive. Your monitoring system shows that your web instances and the database have high CPU utilization. Which of the following steps should you take in order to ensure the continual availability of your application? (Choose two.)

Accepted Answer

Set up an Auto Scaling group for the application tier and a policy that scales based on the Amazon EC2 CloudWatch CPU utilization metric.

Accepted Answer

Use multiple Amazon RDS read replicas.

Answer

Use a CloudFront RTMP download distribution with the application tier as the origin for the distribution.

Answer

Vertically scale up the Amazon EC2 instances manually.

Answer

Set up an Auto Scaling group for the application tier and a policy that scales based on the Amazon RDS CloudWatch CPU utilization metric.

Answer

Switch to General Purpose (SSD) Storage from Provisioned IOPS Storage (PIOPS) for the Amazon RDS database.

Question 27

A DevOps Engineer has been asked by the Security team to ensure that AWS CloudTrail files are not tampered with after being created. Currently, there is a process with multiple trails, using AWS IAM to restrict access to specific trails. The Security team wants to ensure they can trace the integrity of each file and make sure there has been no tampering. Which option will require the LEAST effort to implement and ensure the legitimacy of the file while allowing the Security team to prove the authenticity of the logs?

Accepted Answer

Enable the CloudTrail file integrity feature on the trail. Use the digest file created by CloudTrail to verify the integrity of the delivered CloudTrail files.

Answer

Create an Amazon CloudWatch Events rule that triggers an AWS Lambda function when a new file is delivered. Configure the Lambda function to perform an MD5 hash check on the file, store the name and location of the file, and post the returned hash to an Amazon DynamoDB table. The Security team can use the values stored in DynamoDB to verify the file authenticity.

Answer

Enable the CloudTrail file integrity feature on an Amazon S3 bucket. Create an IAM policy that grants the Security team access to the file integrity logs stored in the S3 bucket.

Answer

Create an AWS Lambda function that is triggered each time a new file is delivered to the CloudTrail bucket. Configure the Lambda function to execute an MD5 hash check on the file, and store the result on a tag in an Amazon S3 object. The Security team can use the information on the tag to verify the integrity of the file.

Question 28

You are building an AWS CloudFormation template for a multi-tier web application. The user data of your Linux web server resource contains a complex script that can take a long time to run. Which techniques could you use to ensure that these servers are fully configured and running before attaching them to the load balancer? (Choose two.)

Accepted Answer

Add an AWS CloudFormation wait Condition that depends on the web server resource. When the UserData script finishes on the web servers, use curl to signal to the Wait Condition pre-signed URL that they are ready.

Accepted Answer

Add an AWS CloudFormation Wait Condition that depends on the web server resource. When the UserData script finishes on the web servers, use the command "cfn-signal" to signal that they are ready.

Answer

Launch your Linux servers from a nested stack that is called from within the load balancer resource in your AWS CloudFormation template.

Answer

Add an AWS CloudFormation Wait Condition that depends on the web server resource. When the UserData script finishes on the web servers, use curl to send a signal the Wait Condition at http://169.254.169.254/waithandle/.

Answer

In your AWS CloudFormation template, position the load balancer resource JSON block directly below your Linux server resource.

Question 29

You are running Amazon CloudTrail on an Amazon S3 bucket and look at your most recent log. You notice that the entries include the ListThings and CreateThings actions and wonder if your devices have been hacked. Based on these entries, what service would you be concerned may have been hacked?

Accepted Answer

AWS IoT

Answer

Amazon Inspector

Answer

AWS CodePipeline

Answer

Amazon Glacier

Question 30

When specifying more than one conditional requirements for a task, what is the proper method?

Accepted Answer

- when: foo == "hello" and bar == "world"

Answer

- when: foo == "hello" - when: bar == "world"

Answer

- when: foo == "hello" && bar == "world"

Answer

- when: foo is "hello" and bar is "world"

Question 31

Your application stores sensitive information on an EBS volume attached to your EC2 instance. How can you protect your information? (Choose two.)

Accepted Answer

Copy the unencrypted snapshot and check the box to encrypt the new snapshot. Volumes restored from this encrypted snapshot will also be encrypted.

Accepted Answer

Create and mount a new, encrypted Amazon EBS volume. Move the data to the new volume. Delete the old Amazon EBS volume.

Answer

Unmount the EBS volume, take a snapshot and encrypt the snapshot. Re-mount the Amazon EBS volume.

Answer

It is not possible to encrypt an EBS volume, you must use a lifecycle policy to transfer data to S3 for encryption.

Question 32

You have just come from your Chief Information Security Officer's (CISO) office with the instructions to provide an audit report of all AWS network rules used by the organization's Amazon EC2 instances. You have discovered that a single Describe-Security-Groups API call will return all of an account's security groups and rules within a region. You create the following pseudo-code to create the required report:- Parse "aws ec2 describe-security-groups" output- For each security group- Create report of ingress and egress rulesWhich two additional pieces of logic should you include to meet the CISO's requirements? (Choose two.)

Accepted Answer

Parse security groups in each region.

Accepted Answer

Evaluate VPC network access control lists.

Answer

Parse security groups in each Availability Zone and region.

Answer

Evaluate AWS CloudTrail logs.

Answer

Evaluate Elastic Load Balancing access control lists.

Answer

Parse CloudFront access control lists.

Question 33

You want to pass queue messages that are 1GB each. How should you achieve this?

Accepted Answer

Use the Amazon SQS Extended Client Library for Java and Amazon S3 as a storage mechanism for message bodies.

Answer

Use Kinesis as a buffer stream for message bodies. Store the checkpoint id for the placement in the Kinesis Stream in SQS.

Answer

Use SQS's support for message partitioning and multi-part uploads on Amazon S3.

Answer

Use AWS EFS as a shared pool storage medium. Store filesystem pointers to the files on disk in the SQS message bodies.

Question 34

What is web identity federation?

Accepted Answer

Use of an identity provider like Google or Facebook to exchange for temporary AWS security credentials.

Answer

Use of an identity provider like Google or Facebook to become an AWS IAM User.

Answer

Use of AWS IAM User tokens to log in as a Google or Facebook user.

Answer

Use of AWS STS Tokens to log in as a Google or Facebook user.

Question 35

There is a very serious outage at AWS. EC2 is not affected, but your EC2 instance deployment scripts stopped working in the region with the outage. What might be the issue?

Accepted Answer

S3 is unavailable, so you can't create EBS volumes from a snapshot you use to deploy new volumes.

Answer

The AWS Console is down, so your CLI commands do not work.

Answer

AWS turns off the DeployCode API call when there are major outages, to protect from system floods.

Answer

None of the other answers make sense. If EC2 is not affected, it must be some other issue.

Question 36

What method should you use to author automation if you want to wait for a CloudFormation stack to finish completing in a script?

Accepted Answer

Poll using ListStacks / list-stacks

Answer

Event subscription using SQS.

Answer

Event subscription using SNS.

Answer

Poll using GetStackStatus / get-stack-status

Question 37

An Amazon EC2 instance with no internet access is running in a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) and needs to download an object from a restricted Amazon S3 bucket. When the DevOps Engineer tries to gain access to the object, anAccessDenied error is received. What are the possible causes for this error? (Choose three.)

Accepted Answer

There is an error in the S3 bucket policy.

Accepted Answer

There is an error in the VPC endpoint policy.

Accepted Answer

There is an error in the IAM role configuration.

Answer

The S3 bucket default encryption is enabled.

Answer

The object has been moved to Amazon Glacier.

Answer

S3 versioning is enabled.

Question 38

A company uses a complex system that consists of networking, IAM policies, and multiple three-tier applications. Requirements are still being defined for a new system, so the number of AWS components present in the final design is not known. The DevOps Engineer needs to begin defining AWS resources using AWS CloudFormation to automate and versioncontrol the new infrastructure. What is the best practice for using CloudFormation to create new environments?

Accepted Answer

Create multiple separate templates for each logical part of the system, use cross-stack references in CloudFormation, and maintain several templates in version control.

Answer

Manually construct the networking layer using Amazon VPC and then define all other resources using CloudFormation.

Answer

Create a single template to encompass all resources that are required for the system so there is only one template to version-control.

Answer

Create many separate templates for each logical part of the system, and provide the outputs from one to the next using an Amazon EC2 instance running SDK for granular control.

Question 39

You are building a Docker image with the following Dockerfile. How many layers will the resulting image have? FROM scratchCMD /app/hello.sh

Accepted Answer

3

Answer

2

Answer

4

Answer

1

Question 40

A company has an application deployed using Amazon ECS with data stored in an Amazon DynamoDB table. The company wants the application to fail over to another Region in a disaster recovery scenario. The application must also efficiently recover from any accidental data loss events. The RPO for the application is 1 hour and the RTO is 2 hours. Which highly available solution should a DevOps engineer recommend?

Accepted Answer

Enable DynamoDB Streams for the table and create an AWS Lambda function to write the stream data to an S3 bucket in the second Region. Schedule a job for every 2 hours to use AWS Data Pipeline to restore the database to the failover Region.

Answer

Change the configuration of the existing DynamoDB table. Enable this as a global table and specify the second Region that will be used. Enable DynamoDB point-in-time recovery.

Answer

Export the DynamoDB table every 2 hours using AWS Data Pipeline to an Amazon S3 bucket in the second Region. Use Data Pipeline in the second Region to restore the export from S3 into the second DynamoDB table.

Answer

Use AWS DMS to replicate the data every hour. Set the original DynamoDB table as the source and the new DynamoDB table as the target.

Amazon DOP-C01 Practice Test 11

Amazon DOP-C01 Practice Tests

Amazon DOP-C01 Practice Test 11

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