Fortinet FCSS_EFW_AD-7.4 Practice Test - Questions Answers

This IPsec Phase 1 configuration defines a dynamic VPN tunnel that can accept connections from multiple peers. The settings chosen here suggest a configuration optimized for networks with intermittent traffic patterns while ensuring resources are used efficiently.

Key configurations and their impact:

set type dynamic This allows multiple peers to establish connections dynamically without needing predefined IP addresses.

set ike-version 2 Uses IKEv2, which is more efficient and supports features like EAP authentication and reduced rekeying overhead.

set dpd on-idle Dead Peer Detection (DPD) is triggered only when the tunnel is idle, reducing unnecessary keep-alive packets and improving resource utilization.

set add-route enable FortiGate automatically adds the route to the routing table when the tunnel is established, ensuring connectivity when needed.

set proposal aes128-sha256 aes256-sha256 Uses strong encryption and hashing algorithms, ensuring a secure connection.

set keylife 28800 Sets a longer key lifetime (8 hours), reducing the frequency of rekeying, which is beneficial for stable connections.

Because DPD is set to on-idle, the tunnel will not constantly send keep-alive messages but will still ensure connectivity when traffic is detected. This makes the configuration ideal for networks with regular but non-continuous traffic, balancing security and resource efficiency.

When using IPsec VPNs and VXLAN, additional headers are added to packets, which can exceed the default 1500-byte MTU. This can lead to fragmentation issues, dropped packets, or degraded performance.

To resolve this, the MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) should be adjusted only if all devices in the network path support it. Otherwise, some devices may still drop or fragment packets, leading to continued issues.

Why adjusting MTU helps:

VXLAN adds a 50-byte overhead to packets.

IPsec adds additional encapsulation (ESP, GRE, etc.), increasing the packet size.

If packets exceed the MTU, they may be fragmented or dropped, causing intermittent connectivity issues.

Lowering the MTU on interfaces ensures packets stay within the supported size limit across all network devices.

In FortiManager, pre-run CLI templates are used in Zero-Touch Provisioning (ZTP) and Low-Touch Provisioning (LTP) to configure a FortiGate device before it is fully managed by FortiManager.

These templates apply configurations when a device is initially provisioned. Once the pre-run CLI template is executed, FortiManager automatically unassigns it from the device because it is not meant to persist like other policy configurations. This prevents conflicts and ensures that the FortiGate configuration is not repeatedly applied after the initial setup.

Use metadata variables to dynamically assign values according to each FortiGate device: Metadata variables in FortiManager allow device-specific configurations to be dynamically assigned without manually configuring each FortiGate. This is especially useful when deploying multiple devices with similar base configurations.

Use provisioning templates and install configuration settings at the device layer: Provisioning templates in FortiManager provide a structured way to configure FortiGate devices. These templates can define interfaces, policies, and settings, ensuring that each device is correctly configured upon deployment.

Add FortiGate devices on FortiManager as model devices, and use ZTP or LTP to connect to FortiGate devices: Zero-Touch Provisioning (ZTP) and Local Touch Provisioning (LTP) help automate the deployment of FortiGate devices. By adding devices as model devices in FortiManager, configurations can be pushed automatically when devices connect for the first time, reducing manual effort.

The MAC address e0:23:ff:fc:00:86 follows the format used in FortiGate High Availability (HA) clusters. When FortiGate devices are in an HA configuration, they use virtual MAC addresses for failover and redundancy purposes.

The suspicious packet is related to a cluster that has VDOMs enabled: FortiGate devices with Virtual Domains (VDOMs) enabled use specific MAC address ranges to differentiate HA-related traffic. This MAC address is likely part of that mechanism.

The suspicious packet is related to a cluster with a group-id value lower than 255: FortiGate HA clusters assign virtual MAC addresses based on the group ID. The last octet (00:86) corresponds to a group ID that is below 255, confirming this option.

When FortiGate is operating in proxy mode with full SSL inspection enabled, it inspects encrypted HTTPS traffic by default on port 443. However, some websites may use non-standard HTTPS ports (such as 8443), which FortiGate does not inspect unless explicitly configured.

To ensure that FortiGate inspects HTTPS traffic on port 8443, administrators must manually add port 8443 in the Protocol Port Mapping section of the SSL/SSH Inspection Profile. This allows FortiGate to treat HTTPS traffic on port 8443 the same as traffic on port 443, enabling proper inspection and enforcement of FortiGuard category-based web filtering.

False positives in Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) analysis can disrupt legitimate traffic and negatively impact user experience. To reduce false positives while maintaining security, administrators can:

Use IPS profile extensions to fine-tune the settings based on the organization's environment.

Select the correct operating system, protocol, and application types to ensure that IPS signatures match the network's actual traffic patterns, reducing false positives.

Customize signature selection based on the network's specific services, filtering out unnecessary or irrelevant signatures.

neighbor-group:

This command is used to group multiple BGP neighbors with the same configuration, reducing redundant configuration.

Instead of defining individual BGP settings for each spoke, the administrator can create a neighbor-group and apply the same policies, reducing manual work.

neighbor-range:

This command allows the configuration of a range of neighbor IPs dynamically, reducing the need to manually define each spoke neighbor.

It automatically adds BGP neighbors that match a given prefix, simplifying deployment.

The Internet Service Database (ISDB) in FortiGate is used to enforce content filtering at Layer 3 (Network Layer) and Layer 4 (Transport Layer) of the OSI model by identifying applications based on their predefined IP addresses and ports.

FortiGate has a predefined list of all IPs and ports for specific applications downloaded from FortiGuard:

FortiGate retrieves and updates a predefined list of IPs and ports for different internet services from FortiGuard.

This allows FortiGate to block specific services at Layer 3 and Layer 4 without requiring deep packet inspection.

The ISDB blocks the IP addresses and ports of an application predefined by FortiGuard:

ISDB works by matching traffic to known IP addresses and ports of categorized services.

When an application or service is blocked, FortiGate prevents communication by denying traffic based on its destination IP and port number.