Huawei H19-301_V3.0 Practice Test - Questions Answers, Page 7

The statement is incorrect because IP addresses function at the network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model, not the data link layer (Layer 2). At the data link layer, devices useMAC addresses(Media Access Control addresses) to identify each other. MAC addresses are unique identifiers assigned to network adapters and are defined by the IEEE 802 standard.While IP addresses are essential for routing data across networks, they are not directly related to the data link layer. Therefore, the claim that 'the address that functions at the data link layer is called an IP address' is false.

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: 'OSI Model and Addressing.'

IEEE 802 Standards Documentation.

Adefault routeis a special type of route used in routing tables to forward packets when no specific route matches the destination IP address. It acts as a 'catch-all' route for traffic that does not match any other routes in the routing table.The default route is typically represented as0.0.0.0/0, where:

0.0.0.0represents any destination IP address.

/0indicates a subnet mask of 0 bits, meaning it applies to all possible IP addresses.

Default routes are commonly used in scenarios where a router needs to forward traffic to a gatewayor next-hop device for further processing. This simplifies routing table management, especially in networks with limited or centralized connectivity.

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: 'Routing Basics and Default Routes.'

Huawei Router Product Documentation, Routing Table Configuration.

MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) uses labels to forward packets efficiently along predefined paths called Label Switched Paths (LSPs). These labels are assigned dynamically using protocols likeLabel Distribution Protocol (LDP)or RSVP-TE (Resource Reservation Protocol - Traffic Engineering).While static routing and manual configuration can define paths, they do not involve dynamic label assignment. Similarly, direct routes are not related to MPLS label distribution. LDP is specifically designed to exchange label information between routers, enabling MPLS forwarding.

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: 'MPLS Architecture and Label Distribution.'

Huawei MPLS Technology Documentation, LDP Configuration.

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is a widely used protocol for managing and monitoring network devices. In an SNMP-based network:

Each managed device runs anagent processthat collects and stores management information.

Themanagement process(typically running on a Network Management System, or NMS) communicates with the agent using SNMP messages.

SNMP defines several types of messages, such as GET, SET, and TRAP, which allow the NMS to query or modify device configurations and receive notifications from the agent. Other options like NETCONF, HTTP, and YANG are unrelated to SNMP communication.

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: 'Network Management Protocols and SNMP.'

Huawei Network Management Documentation, SNMP Overview.

Huawei firewalls come preconfigured with several default security zones, each serving a specific purpose:

DMZ (Demilitarized Zone):A buffer zone between the internal network and external networks, often used to host public-facing servers like web servers.

Local:Represents the firewall itself. Traffic destined for the firewall (e.g., management traffic) is associated with this zone.

Untrust:Represents external, untrusted networks such as the Internet. Security policies typically restrict traffic from this zone.

Trust:Represents internal, trusted networks. Traffic within this zone is generally considered safe.

These zones form the foundation of firewall security policies, allowing administrators to control traffic flows between different parts of the network.

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: 'Firewall Security Zones and Policies.'

Huawei Firewall Product Documentation, Default Security Zones.

As enterprises transition to cloud-centric architectures, campus networks face several challenges:

Slow fault locating:Traditional networks lack intelligent tools for rapid fault detection and resolution, leading to prolonged downtime.

Wi-Fi discontinuous networking:Poorly designed wireless networks result in coverage gaps and inconsistent user experiences.

Cloud outpacing network:Cloud services evolve faster than traditional networks can adapt, creating bottlenecks.

Difficult network scaling:Legacy networks struggle to scale dynamically to meet growing demands.

Cross-domain fragile infrastructure:Fragmented management across domains (e.g., wired, wireless, WAN) leads to inefficiencies and vulnerabilities.

Addressing these challenges requires modern solutions like SDN (Software-Defined Networking), AI-driven O&M, and unified management platforms.

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: 'Campus Network Challenges in the Cloud Era.'

Huawei Campus Network Solution Documentation, Trends and Challenges.