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A customer has deployed FortiGate Cloud-Native Firewall (CNF).

Which two statements are correct about policy sets? (Choose two.)

A.
There is an implicit deny rule at the bottom of the policy set.
A.
There is an implicit deny rule at the bottom of the policy set.
Answers
B.
The policy set must be manually synchronized to the CNF instance each time it is modified.
B.
The policy set must be manually synchronized to the CNF instance each time it is modified.
Answers
C.
A new policy set is created with each deployed CNF instance.
C.
A new policy set is created with each deployed CNF instance.
Answers
D.
Multiple policy sets can be applied to a single CNF instance.
D.
Multiple policy sets can be applied to a single CNF instance.
Answers
Suggested answer: A, C

Explanation:

Implicit Deny Rule:

Similar to traditional firewall rule sets, FortiGate Cloud-Native Firewall (CNF) includes an implicit deny rule at the bottom of each policy set. This means any traffic that does not match an existing rule in the policy set is automatically denied (Option A).

Policy Set Creation:

When a new CNF instance is deployed, a new policy set is created specifically for that instance. This ensures that each CNF instance can have a tailored set of security policies based on the specific needs of the deployment (Option C).

Other Options Analysis:

Option B is incorrect because policy sets do not require manual synchronization; they are applied automatically once configured.

Option D is incorrect as a single CNF instance operates with a single policy set at a time.

FortiGate CNF Documentation: FortiGate CNF

Firewall Policy Best Practices: Fortinet Policies

Refer to the exhibit.

Which two statements are true about inbound traffic based on the IGW ingress route table and GWLB deployment shown in the exhibit? (Choose two.)

A.
GWLB forwards traffic to FortiGate without encapsulation in its dedicated subnet.
A.
GWLB forwards traffic to FortiGate without encapsulation in its dedicated subnet.
Answers
B.
Inbound traffic is directed to the GWLB through a GWLB endpoint.
B.
Inbound traffic is directed to the GWLB through a GWLB endpoint.
Answers
C.
Inbound traffic is directed to the application subnet through a GWLB endpoint.
C.
Inbound traffic is directed to the application subnet through a GWLB endpoint.
Answers
D.
GWLB encapsulates traffic with the GENEVE protocol and sends it to FortiGate.
D.
GWLB encapsulates traffic with the GENEVE protocol and sends it to FortiGate.
Answers
Suggested answer: B, D

Explanation:

Traffic Direction through GWLB Endpoint:

The ingress route table directs inbound traffic to the GWLB through a GWLB endpoint (GWLBe). This endpoint is responsible for directing traffic to the Gateway Load Balancer for further processing (Option B).

GENEVE Encapsulation:

The GWLB encapsulates the inbound traffic using the GENEVE protocol. This encapsulated traffic is then sent to FortiGate instances for security inspection. The use of GENEVE ensures that the original traffic context is preserved and can be analyzed by FortiGate (Option D).

Other Options Analysis:

Option A is incorrect because GWLB does not forward traffic without encapsulation in its dedicated subnet.

Option C is incorrect as the inbound traffic is directed to the GWLB endpoint first, not directly to the application subnet.

AWS Gateway Load Balancer Documentation: AWS GWLB

GENEVE Protocol Overview: GENEVE Protocol

You are troubleshooting network connectivity issues between two VMs deployed in AWS.

One VM is a FortiGate located on subnet 'LAN' that is part of the VPC 'Encryption'. The other VM is a Windows server located on the subnet 'servers' which is also in the 'Encryption' VPC. You are unable to ping the Windows server from FortiGate.

What are two reasons for this? (Choose two.)

A.
The firewall in the Windows VM is blocking the traffic.
A.
The firewall in the Windows VM is blocking the traffic.
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B.
The default AWS Network Access Control List (NACL) does not allow this traffic.
B.
The default AWS Network Access Control List (NACL) does not allow this traffic.
Answers
C.
By default, AWS does not allow ICMP traffic between subnets.
C.
By default, AWS does not allow ICMP traffic between subnets.
Answers
D.
Add an inbound allow ICMP rule in the security group attached to the windows server.
D.
Add an inbound allow ICMP rule in the security group attached to the windows server.
Answers
Suggested answer: A, D

Explanation:

Windows Firewall Blocking Traffic:

The firewall on the Windows VM might be configured to block incoming ICMP traffic (ping requests). By default, Windows Firewall is set to block ICMP traffic, which could be a reason for the connectivity issue (Option A).

Security Group Configuration:

AWS Security Groups act as virtual firewalls for instances. If there is no rule allowing ICMP traffic in the security group attached to the Windows server, the ping requests from FortiGate will be blocked. An inbound allow ICMP rule must be added to the security group to permit this traffic (Option D).

Other Options Analysis:

Option B is incorrect because the default AWS Network Access Control List (NACL) allows all inbound and outbound traffic.

Option C is incorrect as AWS does allow ICMP traffic between subnets if properly configured with Security Groups and NACLs.

AWS Security Groups: AWS Security Groups

Windows Firewall Configuration: Windows Firewall

Refer to the exhibit.

An organization deployed the application servers in the AWS VPC that connects to the corporate data center using Transit Gateway Connect. Demand for the applications has grown and the connection requires more bandwidth.

What is required to achieve higher bandwidth?

A.
Use routable public IP addresses instead of private IP addresses for connectivity.
A.
Use routable public IP addresses instead of private IP addresses for connectivity.
Answers
B.
You cannot increase bandwidth the connection has a fixed limit.
B.
You cannot increase bandwidth the connection has a fixed limit.
Answers
C.
No configuration change is required because GRE tunnels are scaled to provide higher bandwidth.
C.
No configuration change is required because GRE tunnels are scaled to provide higher bandwidth.
Answers
D.
You add a Transit VPC between the organization's VPCs.
D.
You add a Transit VPC between the organization's VPCs.
Answers
Suggested answer: C

Explanation:

Understanding Transit Gateway Connect:

Transit Gateway Connect is a feature of AWS Transit Gateway that simplifies the integration of SD-WAN networks with AWS. It uses Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) tunnels to facilitate this connection.

GRE Tunnels and Bandwidth:

GRE tunnels can dynamically scale to meet increasing bandwidth demands. They allow multiple tunnels between the same endpoints, which can aggregate bandwidth without requiring additional configuration.

Scaling Bandwidth with GRE:

The GRE protocol used by Transit Gateway Connect can support high bandwidth requirements by spreading traffic across multiple tunnels. As demand grows, additional tunnels can be automatically used to handle the increased traffic load.

Comparison with Other Options:

Option A suggests using public IP addresses, which is not relevant to bandwidth scaling.

Option B is incorrect because bandwidth can be increased through GRE scaling.

Option D suggests adding a Transit VPC, which is unnecessary for increasing bandwidth when using Transit Gateway Connect.

AWS Transit Gateway Documentation: AWS Transit Gateway

GRE Tunnels and AWS: AWS GRE Tunnels

You want to deploy the Fortinet HA CloudFormation template to stage and bootstrap the FortiGate configuration in the same region in which you created your VPC, which is Ohio US-East-2.

Based on this information, which statement is correct?

A.
You create an S3 bucket to stage and bootstrap FortiGate with an FGCP unicast configuration. The S3 bucket can be hosted in any region.
A.
You create an S3 bucket to stage and bootstrap FortiGate with an FGCP unicast configuration. The S3 bucket can be hosted in any region.
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B.
The Fortinet HA cloud formation template automatically creates an S3 bucket.
B.
The Fortinet HA cloud formation template automatically creates an S3 bucket.
Answers
C.
You create an S3 bucket to stage and bootstrap FortiGate with an FGCP unicast configuration. The S3 bucket needs to be hosted in the Ohio US-East-2 region.
C.
You create an S3 bucket to stage and bootstrap FortiGate with an FGCP unicast configuration. The S3 bucket needs to be hosted in the Ohio US-East-2 region.
Answers
D.
You create a DynamoDB to stage and bootstrap FortiGate with an FGCP unicast configuration. It needs to be hosted in the Ohio US-East-2 region.
D.
You create a DynamoDB to stage and bootstrap FortiGate with an FGCP unicast configuration. It needs to be hosted in the Ohio US-East-2 region.
Answers
Suggested answer: C

Explanation:

Understanding Fortinet HA CloudFormation Template:

The Fortinet High Availability (HA) CloudFormation template is used to automate the deployment and configuration of FortiGate instances in AWS.

Staging and Bootstrapping FortiGate:

Staging involves preparing the necessary configuration files and resources needed for deployment.

Bootstrapping is the process of automatically configuring FortiGate instances upon deployment.

S3 Bucket Requirement:

The configuration files required for staging and bootstrapping are typically stored in an S3 bucket.

Since the deployment is in the Ohio (US-East-2) region, it is recommended to host the S3 bucket in the same region to minimize latency and ensure regional compliance.

Comparison with Other Options:

Option A is incorrect because while an S3 bucket is required, it should be in the same region (US-East-2).

Option B is incorrect as the template does not automatically create the S3 bucket.

Option D is incorrect as DynamoDB is not used for staging and bootstrapping in this scenario.

Fortinet Documentation: FortiGate on AWS

AWS S3 Documentation: AWS S3

An organization has the requirement to connect a data VPC to the on-premises infrastructure of a branch office in a hybrid cloud environment. The connectivity needs the higher bandwidth but the organization does not want to use multiple connections between sites.

Which AWS solution meets the requirement?

A.
Transit VPC with IPSec
A.
Transit VPC with IPSec
Answers
B.
Internet Gateway
B.
Internet Gateway
Answers
C.
Transit Gateway multicast
C.
Transit Gateway multicast
Answers
D.
Transit Gateway Connect
D.
Transit Gateway Connect
Answers
Suggested answer: D

Explanation:

Understanding the Requirement:

The organization needs to connect a data VPC to the on-premises infrastructure with high bandwidth.

The solution should avoid multiple connections between sites.

Transit Gateway Connect:

Transit Gateway Connect is designed to integrate with SD-WAN networks and provides scalable bandwidth using GRE tunnels.

It simplifies hybrid cloud connectivity by allowing high bandwidth connections without the need for multiple physical connections.

Benefits of Transit Gateway Connect:

Supports scalable bandwidth through GRE tunnels.

Facilitates seamless integration with on-premises and cloud environments.

Reduces complexity by avoiding the need for multiple VPN connections.

Comparison with Other Options:

Option A (Transit VPC with IPSec) is not preferred due to complexity and potential limitations in bandwidth scalability.

Option B (Internet Gateway) is not suitable for private, high-bandwidth connections.

Option C (Transit Gateway multicast) does not address the requirement for high bandwidth in a hybrid cloud setup.

AWS Transit Gateway Documentation: AWS Transit Gateway Connect

Hybrid Cloud Connectivity: AWS Hybrid Cloud

Refer to the exhibit.

Traffic is initiated from the EC2 instance and is destined for the internet.

Which traffic flow is correct?

A.
EC2 instance > NAT GW > IGW > internet
A.
EC2 instance > NAT GW > IGW > internet
Answers
B.
There is no route to the internet in the Private Route Table. The traffic does not reach the internet.
B.
There is no route to the internet in the Private Route Table. The traffic does not reach the internet.
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C.
EC2 instance > GWLBe > NAT GW > IGW > internet
C.
EC2 instance > GWLBe > NAT GW > IGW > internet
Answers
D.
EC2 instance > GWLBe > internet
D.
EC2 instance > GWLBe > internet
Answers
Suggested answer: C

Explanation:

Understanding the Architecture:

The architecture includes an EC2 instance in a private subnet, a Gateway Load Balancer Endpoint (GWLBe), a NAT Gateway (NAT GW), and an Internet Gateway (IGW).

Route Tables and Routing:

The private route table for the subnet containing the EC2 instance has a route pointing to the GWLBe for internet-bound traffic.

The public route table for the subnet containing the NAT Gateway has routes to the IGW.

Traffic Flow Analysis:

Traffic initiated from the EC2 instance destined for the internet will first be routed to the GWLBe as per the private route table.

The GWLBe will forward the traffic to the NAT Gateway.

The NAT Gateway will then route the traffic to the IGW, which finally sends the traffic to the internet.

Comparison with Other Options:

Option A suggests direct routing to the NAT GW from the EC2 instance, which is incorrect.

Option B incorrectly states there is no route to the internet in the private route table.

Option D suggests direct routing from GWLBe to the internet, which is not the case.

AWS Documentation on Route Tables: AWS Route Tables

Gateway Load Balancer Overview: AWS Gateway Load Balancer

A customer has implemented GWLB between the partner and application VPCs. FortiGate appliances are deployed in the partner VPC with multiple AZs to inspect traffic transparently.

Which two things will happen to application traffic based on the GWLB deployment? (Choose two.)

A.
Inbound and outbound traffic will go to multiple devices, which will perform load balancing.
A.
Inbound and outbound traffic will go to multiple devices, which will perform load balancing.
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B.
Inbound and outbound traffic will go to the same device, which will perform stateful processing.
B.
Inbound and outbound traffic will go to the same device, which will perform stateful processing.
Answers
C.
The content of the original traffic exchanged between the GWLB and FortiGate will be preserved.
C.
The content of the original traffic exchanged between the GWLB and FortiGate will be preserved.
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D.
The original traffic exchanged between the GWLB and FortiGate will be hashed for data integrity.
D.
The original traffic exchanged between the GWLB and FortiGate will be hashed for data integrity.
Answers
Suggested answer: A, B

Explanation:

Understanding Gateway Load Balancer (GWLB):

GWLB is designed to distribute traffic across multiple appliances for both inbound and outbound traffic, providing scalability and high availability.

Traffic Load Balancing:

GWLB can send traffic to multiple FortiGate appliances for load balancing purposes, ensuring efficient use of resources (Option A).

Stateful Processing:

For stateful processing, GWLB ensures that traffic flows (both inbound and outbound) for a given connection are directed to the same FortiGate appliance. This maintains session integrity (Option B).

Preservation and Hashing of Traffic:

Options C and D are incorrect as they suggest incorrect behavior regarding traffic content preservation and hashing for data integrity, which are not primary functions of GWLB.

AWS Gateway Load Balancer Documentation: AWS Gateway Load Balancer

FortiGate Integration with GWLB: Fortinet Documentation

Refer to the exhibit.

A customer is using the AWS Elastic Load Balancer (ELB).

Which two statements are correct about the ELB configuration? (Choose two.)

A.
The load balancer is configured to load balance traffic among multiple availability zones.
A.
The load balancer is configured to load balance traffic among multiple availability zones.
Answers
B.
The Amazon Resource Name is used to access the load balancer node and targets.
B.
The Amazon Resource Name is used to access the load balancer node and targets.
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C.
You can use the DNS name to reach the targets behind the ELB.
C.
You can use the DNS name to reach the targets behind the ELB.
Answers
D.
The load balancer is configured for the internal traffic of the virtual public cloud (VPC).
D.
The load balancer is configured for the internal traffic of the virtual public cloud (VPC).
Answers
Suggested answer: A, C

Explanation:

Load Balancer Configuration Overview:

The provided configuration indicates that the ELB is an internet-facing load balancer.

Multi-AZ Load Balancing:

The load balancer is configured to distribute traffic across multiple availability zones (A, B, and C), ensuring high availability and fault tolerance (Option A).

Accessing Targets via DNS:

The DNS name of the load balancer (LabELB-716e15332f6401f8.elb.us-east-2.amazonaws.com) can be used to reach the targets behind the ELB, facilitating traffic routing to the appropriate instances (Option C).

Comparison with Other Options:

Option B is incorrect as the ARN is not used to access the load balancer directly.

Option D is incorrect because the load balancer is configured for internet-facing traffic, not just internal VPC traffic.

AWS Elastic Load Balancer Documentation: AWS ELB

Understanding ELB DNS: AWS ELB DNS

Which two statements about the FortiCloud portal are true? (Choose two.)

A.
You can gain remote access to your FortiGate VM directly from the portal.
A.
You can gain remote access to your FortiGate VM directly from the portal.
Answers
B.
To assign permissions in the identity and access management (JAM) portal, you must write a JSON script.
B.
To assign permissions in the identity and access management (JAM) portal, you must write a JSON script.
Answers
C.
You can access the FortiFlex portal only after you purchase a FortiFlex license and register it on FortiCare.
C.
You can access the FortiFlex portal only after you purchase a FortiFlex license and register it on FortiCare.
Answers
D.
You can access only cloud services that you have subscribed to on AWS marketplace.
D.
You can access only cloud services that you have subscribed to on AWS marketplace.
Answers
Suggested answer: A, C

Explanation:

Remote Access to FortiGate VM:

The FortiCloud portal allows users to remotely access their FortiGate VM instances. This is particularly useful for managing and configuring instances without needing direct network access (Option A).

FortiFlex Portal Access:

The FortiFlex portal is a feature that becomes available only after purchasing a FortiFlex license and registering it on FortiCare. This portal provides additional functionalities and services related to FortiFlex (Option C).

IAM Permissions:

Option B is incorrect because the Identity and Access Management (IAM) permissions in the FortiCloud portal do not require writing JSON scripts; they can be managed through the portal interface.

Subscription to Cloud Services:

Option D is incorrect because FortiCloud provides access to services beyond those subscribed through the AWS marketplace, including services directly offered by Fortinet.

FortiCloud Documentation: FortiCloud

FortiFlex Portal: FortiFlex Licensing

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