HP HPE6-A85 Practice Test - Questions Answers, Page 3

The main characteristic of the 6 GHz band that is true among the given options is that in North America, the 6 GHz band offers more 80 MHz channels than there are 40 MHz channels in the 5 GHz band. This characteristic provides more spectrum availability, less interference, and higher throughput for wireless devices that support Wi-Fi 6E Wi-Fi Enhanced (Wi-Fi 6E) is an extension of Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax) standard that operates in the newly available unlicensed frequency spectrum around 6 GHz in addition to existing bands below it. Some facts about this characteristic are:

In North America, there are up to seven non-overlapping channels available in each of three channel widths (20 MHz, 40 MHz, and 80 MHz) in the entire unlicensed portion of the new spectrum (5925--7125 MHz). This means there are up to 21 non-overlapping channels available for Wi-Fi devices in total.

In comparison, in North America, there are only nine non-overlapping channels available in each of two channel widths (20 MHz and 40 MHz) in the entire unlicensed portion of the existing spectrum below it (2400--2483 MHz and 5150--5825 MHz). This means there are only up to nine non-overlapping channels available for Wi-Fi devices in total.

Therefore, in North America, there are more than twice as many non-overlapping channels available in each channel width in the new spectrum than in the existing spectrum below it.

Specifically, there are more than twice as many non-overlapping channels available at 80 MHz width (seven) than at 40 MHz width (three) in the existing spectrum below it.

The other options are not true because:

Less RF signal is absorbed by objects in a 6 GHz WLAN: This option is false because higher frequency signals tend to be more absorbed by objects than lower frequency signals due to higher attenuation Attenuation is a general term that refers to any reduction in signal strength during transmission over distance or through an object or medium . Therefore, RF signals in a 6 GHz WLAN would be more absorbed by objects than RF signals in a lower frequency WLAN.

The 6 GHz band is fully backward compatible with existing bands: This option is false because Wi-Fi devices need to support Wi-Fi 6E standard to operate in the new spectrum around 6 GHz . Existing Wi-Fi devices that do not support Wi-Fi 6E standard cannot use this spectrum and can only operate in existing bands below it.

Low Power Devices are allowed for indoor and outdoor usage: This option is false because Low Power Indoor Devices (LPI) are only allowed for indoor usage under certain power limits and registration requirements . Outdoor usage of LPI devices is prohibited by regulatory authorities such as FCC Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an independent agency of United States government that regulates communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable across United States . However, outdoor usage of Very Low Power Devices (VLP) may be allowed under certain power limits and without registration requirements.

The ideal access switch for a large hospital with distribution racks of over 400 ports in a single VSF stack is the CX 6300. This switch provides the following benefits:

The CX 6300 supports up to 48 ports per switch and up to 10 switches per VSF stack, allowing for a total of 480 ports in a single stack. This meets the requirement of having over 400 ports in a single VSF stack.

The CX 6300 supports high-performance switching with up to 960 Gbps of switching capacity and up to 714 Mpps of forwarding rate. This meets the requirement of having high throughput and low latency for mobile equipment and patient data.

The CX 6300 supports advanced features such as dynamic segmentation, policy-based routing, and role-based access control. These features enhance the security and flexibility of the network by applying different policies and roles to different types of devices and users.

The CX 6300 supports Aruba NetEdit, a network configuration and orchestration tool that simplifies the management and automation of the network. This reduces the complexity and human errors involved in network configuration and maintenance.

The other options are not ideal because:

OCX 6400: This switch is designed for data center applications and does not support VSF stacking. It also does not support dynamic segmentation or policy-based routing, which are useful for network security and flexibility.

OCX 6200: This switch is designed for small to medium-sized businesses and does not support VSF stacking. It also has lower switching capacity and forwarding rate than the CX 6300, which may affect the performance of the network.

OCX 6100: This switch is designed for edge applications and does not support VSF stacking. It also has lower switching capacity and forwarding rate than the CX 6300, which may affect the performance of the network.

The RADIUS message that you should look for to ensure a successful connection via 802.1X is Access-Accept. This message indicates that the RADIUS server has authenticated and authorized the supplicant (the device that wants to access the network) and has granted it access to the network resources. The Access-Accept message may also contain additional attributes such as VLAN ID, session timeout, or filter ID that specify how the authenticator (the device that controls access to the network, such as a switch) should treat the supplicant's traffic.

The other options are not RADIUS messages because:

Authorized: This is not a RADIUS message, but a state that indicates that a port on an authenticator is allowed to pass traffic from a supplicant after successful authentication and authorization.

Success: This is not a RADIUS message, but a status that indicates that an EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) is an authentication framework that provides support for multiple authentication methods, such as passwords, certificates, tokens, or biometrics. EAP is used in wireless networks and point-to-point connections to provide secure authentication between a supplicant (a device that wants to access the network) and an authentication server (a device that verifies the credentials of the supplicant). exchange has completed successfully between a supplicant and an authentication server.

Authenticated: This is not a RADIUS message, but a state that indicates that a port on an authenticator has received an EAP-Success message from an authentication server after successful authentication of a supplicant.

The best technology to use for dropping excessive broadcast traffic on ingress to an ArubaOS-CX switch is rate limiting. Rate limiting is a feature that allows network administrators to control the amount of traffic that enters or leaves a port or a VLAN on a switch by setting bandwidth thresholds or limits. Rate limiting can be used to prevent network congestion, improve network performance, enforce service level agreements (SLAs), or mitigate denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. Rate limiting can be applied to broadcast traffic on ingress to an ArubaOS-CX switch by using the storm-control command in interface configuration mode. This command allows network administrators to specify the percentage of bandwidth or packets per second that can be used by broadcast traffic on an ingress port. If the broadcast traffic exceeds the specified threshold, the switch will drop the excess packets.

The other options are not technologies for dropping excessive broadcast traffic on ingress because:

DWRR queuing: DWRR stands for Deficit Weighted Round Robin, which is a queuing algorithm that assigns different weights or priorities to different traffic classes or queues on an egress port. DWRR ensures that each queue gets its fair share of bandwidth based on its weight while avoiding starvation of lower priority queues. DWRR does not drop excessive broadcast traffic on ingress, but rather schedules outgoing traffic on egress.

QoS shaping: QoS stands for Quality of Service, which is a set of techniques that manage network resources and provide different levels of service to different types of traffic based on their requirements. QoS shaping is a technique that delays or buffers outgoing traffic on an egress port to match the available bandwidth or rate limit. QoS shaping does not drop excessive broadcast traffic on ingress, but rather smooths outgoing traffic on egress.

Strict queuing: Strict queuing is another queuing algorithm that assigns different priorities to different traffic classes or queues on an egress port. Strict queuing ensures that higher priority queues are always served before lower priority queues regardless of their bandwidth requirements or weights. Strict queuing does not drop excessive broadcast traffic on ingress, but rather schedules outgoing traffic on egress.

WPA3-Personal enhances the security of wireless networks by using Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE), which is a more secure replacement for the Pre-Shared Key (PSK) method used in WPA2. SAE strengthens the initial key exchange, providing better protection against offline dictionary attacks and ensuring that each session has a unique Pairwise Master Key (PMK), derived from the interaction between the client and the access point, including session-specific information like MAC addresses and nonces.

To troubleshoot an Aruba CX 6200 switch that is failing to boot correctly, accessing the switch via the RJ-45 console port on any of its member switches provides direct access to the switch's console for troubleshooting. This method allows a network technician to interact with the boot process, view boot messages, and access boot options, including the selection of different OS images or ServiceOS for recovery purposes.

The part of WPA Key Hierarchy that is used to encrypt and/or decrypt data is Pairwise Temporal Key (PTK). PTK is a key that is derived from PMK Pairwise Master Key (PMK) is a key that is derived from PSK Pre-shared Key (PSK) is a key that is shared between two parties before communication begins , ANonce Authenticator Nonce (ANonce) is a random number generated by an authenticator (a device that controls access to network resources, such as an AP) , SNonce Supplicant Nonce (SNonce) is a random number generated by supplicant (a device that wants to access network resources, such as an STA) , AA Authenticator Address (AA) is MAC address of authenticator , SA Supplicant Address (SA) is MAC address of supplicant using Pseudo-Random Function (PRF). PTK consists of four subkeys:

KCK Key Confirmation Key (KCK) is used for message integrity check

KEK Key Encryption Key (KEK) is used for encryption key distribution

TK Temporal Key (TK) is used for data encryption

MIC Message Integrity Code (MIC) key

The subkey that is specifically used for data encryption is TK Temporal Key (TK). TK is also known as Pairwise Transient Key (PTK). TK changes periodically during communication based on time or number of packets transmitted.

The other options are not part of WPA Key Hierarchy because:

PMK: PMK is not part of WPA Key Hierarchy, but rather an input for deriving PTK.

KCK: KCK is part of WPA Key Hierarchy, but it is not used for data encryption, but rather for message integrity check.

Nonce: Nonce is not part of WPA Key Hierarchy, but rather an input for deriving PTK.

The weakness introduced into WLAN environment when WPA2-Personal is used for security is that PMK Pairwise Master Key (PMK) is a key that is derived from PSK Pre-shared Key (PSK) is a key that is shared between two parties before communication begins , which are both fixed. This means that all users who know PSK can generate PMK without any authentication process. This also means that if PSK or PMK are compromised by an attacker, they can be used to decrypt all traffic encrypted with PTK Pairwise Temporal Key (PTK) is a key that is derived from PMK, ANonce Authenticator Nonce (ANonce) is a random number generated by an authenticator (a device that controls access to network resources, such as an AP), SNonce Supplicant Nonce (SNonce) is a random number generated by supplicant (a device that wants to access network resources, such as an STA), AA Authenticator Address (AA) is MAC address of authenticator, SA Supplicant Address (SA) is MAC address of supplicant using Pseudo-Random Function (PRF). PTK consists of four subkeys: KCK Key Confirmation Key (KCK) is used for message integrity check, KEK Key Encryption Key (KEK) is used for encryption key distribution, TK Temporal Key (TK) is used for data encryption, MIC Message Integrity Code (MIC) key. .

The other options are not weaknesses because:

It uses X 509 certificates generated by a Certification Authority: This option is false because WPA2-Personal does not use X 509 certificates or Certification Authority for authentication. X 509 certificates and Certification Authority are used in WPA2-Enterprise mode, which uses 802.1X and EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) is an authentication framework that provides support for multiple authentication methods, such as passwords, certificates, tokens, or biometrics. EAP is used in wireless networks and point-to-point connections to provide secure authentication between a supplicant (a device that wants to access the network) and an authentication server (a device that verifies the credentials of the supplicant). for user authentication with a RADIUS server Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) is a network protocol that provides centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) management for users who connect and use a network service .

The Pairwise Temporal Key (PTK) is specific to each session: This option is false because PTK being specific to each session is not a weakness but a strength of WPA2-Personal. PTK being specific to each session means that it changes periodically during communication based on time or number of packets transmitted. This prevents replay attacks and increases security of data encryption.

It does not use the WPA 4-Way Handshake: This option is false because WPA2-Personal does use the WPA 4-Way Handshake for key negotiation. The WPA 4-Way Handshake is a process that allows the station and the access point to exchange ANonce and SNonce and derive PTK from PMK. The WPA 4-Way Handshake also allows the station and the access point to verify each other's PMK and confirm the installation of PTK.

While both 5 GHz and 6 GHz channels can provide similar throughputs, the higher frequency of the 6 GHz band means its signals have a shorter range and are more attenuated by obstacles compared to 5 GHz signals. This results in 5 GHz channels generally being able to travel longer distances than 6 GHz channels under similar conditions, although both can support high data rates for connected clients.