NSE7_NST-7.2: Fortinet NSE 7 - Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer

Examine the OSPF debug output:

The OSPF Hello packet debug output shows the Router ID as 0.0.0.112.

It shows that the OSPF packet is being sent from 0.0.0.112 via port2:192.168.37.114.

The OSPF Hello packet contains information such as the network mask (255.255.255.0), hello interval (10), router priority (1), dead interval (40), and designated router (192.168.37.114) and backup designated router (192.168.37.115).

Check the area configuration:

The area ID is shown as 0.0.0.0, indicating that the two devices attempting adjacency are in area 0.0.0.0.

Authentication mismatch:

The debug output indicates an 'Authentication type mismatch'. This means one device is configured to require authentication while the other is not.

Password configuration:

The statement claiming that 'A password has been configured on the local OSPF router but is not shown in the output' is false because the output indicates an authentication mismatch, not the presence or absence of a password. The other statements are true based on the provided debug output.

Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation

OSPF Configuration Guides

Next-hop IP address:

For a static route to be added to the routing table, the next-hop IP address must be reachable. If it is not reachable, the route cannot be considered valid and will not be added.

Interface status:

If the interface specified in the static route configuration is down, the route will not be added to the routing table. The interface must be up and operational for the route to be valid.

Priority and Distance:

While priority and administrative distance affect route selection, they do not prevent a route from being added to the routing table. Instead, they influence which route is preferred when multiple routes to the same destination exist.

Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation

Routing Configuration and Troubleshooting Guides

The routing table shown in the exhibit lists all the routes known to the FortiGate device. It includes routes learned through different protocols such as BGP, OSPF, and static routes.

The entry S * 0.0.0.0/0 [20/0] via 10.200.2.254, port2, [5/0] indicates that there is a static route to the default gateway (0.0.0.0/0) through port2 with a gateway IP of 10.200.2.254.

The asterisk * next to the route signifies that this route is selected and currently active in the forwarding information base (FIB). This means the FortiGate uses this route to forward packets destined for addresses not otherwise specified in the routing table.

Fortinet Documentation on Routing Table

Fortinet Community Discussion on Routing

IKE_SA_INIT:

This is the first exchange in IKEv2. It establishes a secure, authenticated channel between peers and negotiates cryptographic algorithms and keys.

IKE_Auth:

The second exchange authenticates the IKE SA (Security Association) using the previously negotiated keys and algorithms. This exchange also establishes the first IPsec SA.

Create_CHILD_SA:

This exchange creates additional IPsec SAs after the initial authentication. It can also be used to rekey existing IPsec SAs to maintain security.

Informational:

This is a generic exchange used for various purposes such as error notification, deletion of SAs, and other control messages.

Fortinet Community: IKEv2 packet exchanges and troubleshooting

Fortinet Documentation: IPsec VPN Concepts

The exhibits show the configuration of static routes and a session table entry for an active session. The static routes are configured with different priorities:

Route through port1 with a gateway of 10.200.1.254 and priority 5.

Route through port2 with a gateway of 10.200.2.254 and priority 10.

If the priority of the route through port2 is changed from 10 to 0, this route will become more preferred than the route through port1 because lower priority values indicate higher preference. As a result, the traffic for the existing session will switch to using the more preferred route:

The session would remain active in the session table, as FortiGate does not immediately clear sessions upon route changes unless explicitly configured to do so.

The traffic for the session would then start egressing from port2, which now has the higher priority route due to its lower priority value.

Fortinet Documentation on Routing Configuration

Fortinet Community on Session Handling

RADIUS Server IP Address:

The debug output shows that the RADIUS request was sent to the server at IP=172.25.188.164. This indicates that the RADIUS server being queried for authentication is indeed located at this IP address.

Authentication Result:

The debug output includes a line indicating the result for the RADIUS server: Result for radius svr 'RadiusServer' 172.25.188.164(0) is 0. A result code of 0 typically signifies that the authentication attempt was unsuccessful.

Authentication Scheme:

The debug output does not indicate that the authentication scheme used was pop3; it mentions using CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol).

Two-factor Authentication:

There is no indication in the debug output that two-factor authentication was required for this session.

Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation

RADIUS Authentication Configuration and Debugging Guides