Fortinet NSE7_NST-7.2 Practice Test - Questions Answers

LDAP Authentication Process:

LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) authentication involves several steps: Bind Request, Search Request, and Bind Response.

The Bind Request is used to authenticate the client to the LDAP server.

The Search Request is used to find the directory entry that matches the provided criteria.

Analyzing the Exhibit:

The exhibit shows a real-time LDAP debug output.

The debug log includes a successful resolution of the LDAP FQDN, indicating that the LDAP server was reached.

The debug log also shows the start of a search using the distinguished name (DN) base and a filter to locate the user jsmith.

Conclusion:

Since FortiOS successfully resolved the LDAP server and initiated a search for the user jsmith, it indicates that the LDAP server was located, and the search request was performed.

Fortinet Community: Understanding LDAP authentication steps and troubleshooting (Fortinet Docs).

Fortinet Documentation: LDAP integration and debugging in FortiOS (Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).

OSPF Interface Network Types:

The network types of the interfaces on both FortiGate devices must match. Common network types include broadcast, point-to-point, and non-broadcast multi-access (NBMA).

Authentication Settings:

Both devices must have matching authentication settings (if authentication is used). This includes the same authentication type (none, simple password, or MD5) and the same password or key.

OSPF Router IDs:

Each OSPF router must have a unique router ID within the OSPF domain. The router ID is typically an IPv4 address selected from one of the router's interfaces or manually configured.

Link Costs and Interface Priority:

While link costs and interface priorities are important for route selection and designated router (DR) elections, they do not prevent OSPF adjacency formation if they differ.

Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation

OSPF Configuration Guides

Examine the OSPF debug output:

The OSPF Hello packet debug output shows the Router ID as 0.0.0.112.

It shows that the OSPF packet is being sent from 0.0.0.112 via port2:192.168.37.114.

The OSPF Hello packet contains information such as the network mask (255.255.255.0), hello interval (10), router priority (1), dead interval (40), and designated router (192.168.37.114) and backup designated router (192.168.37.115).

Check the area configuration:

The area ID is shown as 0.0.0.0, indicating that the two devices attempting adjacency are in area 0.0.0.0.

Authentication mismatch:

The debug output indicates an 'Authentication type mismatch'. This means one device is configured to require authentication while the other is not.

Password configuration:

The statement claiming that 'A password has been configured on the local OSPF router but is not shown in the output' is false because the output indicates an authentication mismatch, not the presence or absence of a password. The other statements are true based on the provided debug output.

Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation

OSPF Configuration Guides

Understanding protocol states:

proto_state=00: Indicates no traffic or a closed session.

proto_state=01: Typically indicates one-way ICMP traffic or a partially established TCP session.

proto_state=10: Indicates an established TCP session, where the session has completed the three-way handshake and both sides can send and receive data.

proto_state=11: Often indicates a fully established and active bidirectional session.

Explanation of correct answer:

proto_state=10 is the correct indication for an established TCP session as it signifies that the session is fully established and active.

Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation

Fortinet Firewall Protocol State Documentation

LDAP Authentication Process:

The regular bind type for LDAP authentication involves multiple steps to verify user credentials.

Step 1: The client sends a bind request with the username to the LDAP server.

Step 2: The LDAP server responds to the bind request.

Step 3: The client sends a bind request with the password.

Step 4: The LDAP server responds, confirming or denying the authentication.

Explanation of Answer:

The regular bind type follows these four steps to authenticate a user, making it a comprehensive method but not necessarily the easiest to configure.

The statement regarding sAMAccountName and super_admin account requirements are not accurate in the context of regular bind type LDAP authentication on FortiOS.

Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation

FortiOS LDAP Authentication Configuration Guides

Current Configuration Analysis:

The firewall policy currently allows ICMP traffic from port1 to port3, enabling the ICMP echo request to reach the server.

However, for the server to send an ICMP echo reply back to the laptop, the traffic must be allowed from port3 to port1.

Required Configuration:

To ensure the server at 10.4.0.1/24 can send the ICMP echo reply back to the laptop at 10.1.0.1/24, the administrator needs to configure a new firewall policy.

The policy must explicitly allow ICMP traffic from port3 to port1.

Steps to Configure:

Access the FortiGate configuration interface.

Navigate to the Firewall Policy section.

Create a new policy allowing ICMP traffic from port3 to port1.

Save and apply the new policy to ensure bidirectional ICMP traffic is permitted.

Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation

FortiGate Firewall Policy Configuration Guides

Next-hop IP address:

For a static route to be added to the routing table, the next-hop IP address must be reachable. If it is not reachable, the route cannot be considered valid and will not be added.

Interface status:

If the interface specified in the static route configuration is down, the route will not be added to the routing table. The interface must be up and operational for the route to be valid.

Priority and Distance:

While priority and administrative distance affect route selection, they do not prevent a route from being added to the routing table. Instead, they influence which route is preferred when multiple routes to the same destination exist.

Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation

Routing Configuration and Troubleshooting Guides

RADIUS Server IP Address:

The debug output shows that the RADIUS request was sent to the server at IP=172.25.188.164. This indicates that the RADIUS server being queried for authentication is indeed located at this IP address.

Authentication Result:

The debug output includes a line indicating the result for the RADIUS server: Result for radius svr 'RadiusServer' 172.25.188.164(0) is 0. A result code of 0 typically signifies that the authentication attempt was unsuccessful.

Authentication Scheme:

The debug output does not indicate that the authentication scheme used was pop3; it mentions using CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol).

Two-factor Authentication:

There is no indication in the debug output that two-factor authentication was required for this session.

Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation

RADIUS Authentication Configuration and Debugging Guides

The routing table shown in the exhibit lists all the routes known to the FortiGate device. It includes routes learned through different protocols such as BGP, OSPF, and static routes.

The entry S * 0.0.0.0/0 [20/0] via 10.200.2.254, port2, [5/0] indicates that there is a static route to the default gateway (0.0.0.0/0) through port2 with a gateway IP of 10.200.2.254.

The asterisk * next to the route signifies that this route is selected and currently active in the forwarding information base (FIB). This means the FortiGate uses this route to forward packets destined for addresses not otherwise specified in the routing table.

Fortinet Documentation on Routing Table

Fortinet Community Discussion on Routing