CompTIA PT0-002 Practice Test - Questions Answers, Page 5

Wireshark and Shodan are two tools that can be used to perform passive reconnaissance, which means collecting information from publicly available sources without interacting with the target or revealing one's identity. Wireshark is a tool that can be used to capture and analyze network traffic, such as packets, protocols, or sessions, without sending any data to the target. Shodan is a tool that can be used to search for devices or services on the internet, such as web servers, routers, cameras, or firewalls, without contacting them directly. The other tools are not passive reconnaissance tools, but rather active reconnaissance tools, which means interacting with the target or sending data to it.

Nessus and Retina are tools that can be used to perform vulnerability scanning, which involves sending probes or requests to the target and analyzing its responses for potential weaknesses. Burp Suite is a tool that can be used to perform web application testing, which involves intercepting and modifying web requests and responses between the browser and the server.

Reference: https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/topic/top-10-network-recon-tools/

The gateway for the network (192.168.1.1) is at 0a:d1:fa:b1:01:67, and then, another machine (192.168.1.136) also claims to be on the same MAC address. With this on the same network, intermittent connectivity will be inevitable as along as the gateway remains unreachable on the IP known by the others machines on the network, and given that the new machine claiming to be the gateway has not been configured to route traffic.

The output shows an ARP table that contains entries for IP addresses and their corresponding MAC addresses on a local network interface (en0). ARP stands for Address Resolution Protocol and is used to map IP addresses to MAC addresses on a network. However, one entry in the table is suspicious:

? (192.168.1.136) at 0a:d1:fa:b1:01:67 on en0 ifscope [ethernet]

This entry has the same MAC address as another entry:

? (192.168.1.1) at 0a:d1:fa:b1:01:67 on en0 ifscope [ethernet]

This indicates that a device on the network has poisoned the ARP cache by sending false ARP replies that associate its MAC address with multiple IP addresses, including 192.168.1.136 and 192.168.1.1 (which is likely the gateway address). This allows the device to intercept or redirect traffic intended for those IP addresses.

These two options best describe the OWASP Top 10, which stands for Open Web Application Security Project Top 10 and is a list of the most critical web application security risks based on data from various sources and experts. The list is updated periodically to reflect changes in technology and threat landscape. The list also ranks the risks in order of importance based on their prevalence, impact, and ease of exploitation or remediation. The other options are not accurate descriptions of the OWASP Top 10. The list does not cover all the risks of web applications, but rather focuses on the most common and severe ones. The list is not a web application security standard, but rather a guideline or reference for developers, testers, and security professionals. The list is not a riskgovernance and compliance framework, but rather a resource or tool for identifying and mitigating web application vulnerabilities. The list is not a checklist of Apache vulnerabilities, but rather a general list of web application risks that apply to any web server or platform.

Reference: https://www.synopsys.com/glossary/what-is-owasp-top-10.html

the NMAP flag (-sn) which is for host discovery and returns that kind of NMAP output. And the AWK command selects column 5 ({print $5}) which obviously carries the returned IP of the host in the NMAP output.

This command will generate the results shown in the image and transform them into a list of active hosts for further analysis. The command consists of three parts:

nmap -sn 192.168.0.1-254: This part uses nmap, a network scanning tool, to perform a ping scan (-sn) on the IP range 192.168.0.1-254, which means sending ICMP echo requests to each IP address and checking if they respond.

grep "Nmap scan": This part uses grep, a text filtering tool, to search for the string "Nmap scan" in the output of the previous part and display only the matching lines. This will filter out the lines that show the start and end time of the scan and only show the lines that indicate the status of each host.

awk '{print $5}': This part uses awk, a text processing tool, to print the fifth field ($5) of each line in the output of the previous part. This will extract only the IP addresses of each host and display them as a list.

The final output will look something like this:

192.168.0.1 192.168.0.12 192.168.0.17 192.168.0.34

https://steemit.com/informatica/@jordiurbina1/tutorial-hacking-wi-fi-wireless-networks-withwifislax

The penetration tester should send deauthentication frames to the stations to force them to disconnect from their current access point and reconnect to another one, which may be the malicious AP deployed by the tester. Deauthentication frames are part of the 802.11 protocol and are used to terminate an existing wireless association between a station and an access point. However, they can also be spoofed by an attacker to disrupt or hijack wireless connections. The other options are not effective or relevant for this purpose. Performing jamming on all 2.4GHz and 5GHz channels would interfere with all wireless signals in the area, which may cause unwanted attention or legal issues. Setting the malicious AP to broadcast within dynamic frequency selection channels would not help, as these channels are used to avoid interference with radar systems and are not commonly used by wireless stations or access points. Modifying the malicious AP configuration to not use a preshared key would not help, as it would make it less likely for wireless stations to connect to it if they are configured to use encryption.

This command will scan the host 192.168.1.20 on port 80 using the following options:

-A: This option enables OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute. This will help to determine if the host is running an approved version of Linux and a patched version of Apache, as well as other information about the host and the network path.

-T4: This option sets the timing template to aggressive, which speeds up the scan by increasing the number of parallel probes, reducing the timeouts, and assuming faster responses.

-p80: This option specifies the port to scan, which is 80 in this case. Port 80 is commonly used for HTTP services, such as Apache web server.

Reference: https://nmap.org/book/man-version-detection.html

In Python, there are two ways to increase a variable by one: using the assignment operator (=) with an arithmetic expression, or using the augmented assignment operator (+=). The expressions val=(val+1) and val+=1 both achieve this goal. The expressions val++ and ++val are not valid in Python, as there is no increment operator. The expressions +val and val=val++ do not change the value of val2.

https://pythonguides.com/increment-and-decrement-operators-in-python/

URL enumeration is the activity of discovering and mapping the URLs of a website, such as directories, files, parameters, or subdomains. URL enumeration can help to identify the structure, content, and functionality of a website, as well as potential vulnerabilities or misconfigurations. One of the methods of URL enumeration is to analyze the robots.txt file of a website, which is a text file that tells search engine crawlers which URLs the crawler can or can't request from the site1. The output shown in the question is an example of a robots.txt file that disallows crawling of certain URLs, such as /author/, /xmlrpc.php, /wp-admin, or /page/.

Concatenation is the term used to describe the process of appending string values onto another string. In Python, concatenation can be done using the + operator, such as "Hello" + "World" = "HelloWorld"4.

Reference: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/how-to/concatenate-multiple-strings