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Messy, a network defender, was hired to secure an organization's internal network. He deployed an IDS in which the detection process depends on observing and comparing the observed events with the normal behavior and then detecting any deviation from it.

Identify the type of IDS employed by Messy in the above scenario.

A.
Signature-based
A.
Signature-based
Answers
B.
Stateful protocol analysis
B.
Stateful protocol analysis
Answers
C.
Anomaly-based
C.
Anomaly-based
Answers
D.
Application proxy
D.
Application proxy
Answers
Suggested answer: C

Explanation:

Anomaly-based IDS is a type of IDS that detects intrusions by comparing the observed network events with a baseline of normal behavior and identifying any deviation from it. Anomaly-based IDS can detect unknown or zero-day attacks that do not match any known signature, but they can also generate false positives due to legitimate changes in network behavior. Anomaly-based IDS can use various techniques to model the normal behavior, such as statistical analysis, machine learning, or artificial intelligence. Anomaly-based IDS is the type of IDS employed by Messy in the above scenario, as he deployed an IDS that depends on observing and comparing the observed events with the normal behavior and then detecting any deviation from it.

Reference:

Anomaly-Based Intrusion Detection System - Chapter 2: Anomaly-Based Intrusion Detection System

Network Defense Essentials (NDE) | Coursera - Week 10: Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems

A systematic literature review for network intrusion detection system (IDS) - Section 3.2: Anomaly-based IDS

Joseph, a cloud administrator, was recruited for the management and deployment of the software containers. As part of his job, Joseph employed an automated solution that converts images into containers, deploys them to the hosts, and further monitors container workflow from a single location.

Identify the solution employed by Joseph in the above scenario.

A.
Port scanners
A.
Port scanners
Answers
B.
Orchestrators
B.
Orchestrators
Answers
C.
Network monitors
C.
Network monitors
Answers
D.
Sniffers
D.
Sniffers
Answers
Suggested answer: B

Explanation:

Orchestrators are tools that automate container deployment, administration, and scaling tasks. They allow you to reliably manage fleets of hundreds or thousands of containers in production environments. Orchestrators simplify container admin by letting you think in terms of application components instead of individual containers. They're able to take control of all your app's requirements, including config values, secrets, and network services. Orchestrators are the solution employed by Joseph in the above scenario, as he used an automated solution that converts images into containers, deploys them to the hosts, and further monitors container workflow from a single location.

Reference:

13 Most Useful Container Orchestration Tools in 2024 - Spacelift

Network Defense Essentials - CERT - EC-Council - Module 6: Virtualization and Cloud Computing

Mary was surfing the Internet, and she wanted to hide her details and the content she was surfing over the web. She employed a proxy tool that makes his online activity untraceable.

Identify the type of proxy employed by John in the above scenario.

A.
SOCKS proxy
A.
SOCKS proxy
Answers
B.
Anonymous proxy
B.
Anonymous proxy
Answers
C.
Reverse proxy
C.
Reverse proxy
Answers
D.
Explicit proxy
D.
Explicit proxy
Answers
Suggested answer: B

Explanation:

anonymous proxy is a type of proxy that hides the user's IP address and other identifying information from the web servers they access. An anonymous proxy acts as an intermediary between the user and the internet, and it modifies the HTTP headers to prevent the web servers from tracking the user's location, browser, or device. An anonymous proxy can help the user bypass geo-restrictions, censorship, and online surveillance. However, an anonymous proxy does not encrypt the user's traffic, and it may still leak some information to the proxy provider or other third parties. An anonymous proxy is the type of proxy employed by Mary in the above scenario, as she used a proxy tool that makes her online activity untraceable.

Reference:

What is a Proxy Server and How Does it Work?

13 Best Proxy Tools for PC [2024 Reviewed] - Section: Anonymous proxies

The Fastest Free Proxy

Which of the following actors in the NIST cloud deployment reference architecture acts as an intermediary for providing connectivity and transport services between cloud consumers and providers?

A.
Cloud provider
A.
Cloud provider
Answers
B.
Cloud auditor
B.
Cloud auditor
Answers
C.
Cloud consumer
C.
Cloud consumer
Answers
D.
Cloud carrier
D.
Cloud carrier
Answers
Suggested answer: D

Stella, a mobile user, often ignores the messages received from the manufacturer for updates. One day, she found that files in her device are being replaced, she immediately rushed to the nearest service center for inquiry. They tested the device and identified vulnerabilities in it as it ran with an obsolete OS version.

Identify the mobile device security risk raised on Stella's device in the above scenario.

A.
Application-based risk
A.
Application-based risk
Answers
B.
System-based risk
B.
System-based risk
Answers
C.
Network-based risk
C.
Network-based risk
Answers
D.
Physical security risks
D.
Physical security risks
Answers
Suggested answer: B

Explanation:

System-based risk is a type of mobile device security risk that arises from the vulnerabilities or flaws in the operating system or firmware of the device. System-based risk can expose the device to malware, spyware, ransomware, or other malicious attacks that can compromise the data, functionality, or privacy of the device. System-based risk can be mitigated by applying regular security updates and patches from the manufacturer or vendor, as well as using antivirus or anti-malware software. In the above scenario, Stella's device faced a system-based risk, as it ran with an obsolete OS version that had vulnerabilities that allowed the files to be replaced. She ignored the messages from the manufacturer for updates, which could have prevented the risk.

Reference:

Mobile Device Security Risks - Week 8: Mobile Device Security

Is It Safe to Use an Old or Used Phone? Here's What You Should Know

Obsolete products - The National Cyber Security Centre

Which of the following protocols uses TLS/SSL to ensure secure transmission of data over the Internet?

A.
HTTPS
A.
HTTPS
Answers
B.
SCTP
B.
SCTP
Answers
C.
FTP
C.
FTP
Answers
D.
HTTP
D.
HTTP
Answers
Suggested answer: A

Explanation:

HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) is a protocol that uses TLS/SSL to ensure secure transmission of data over the Internet. HTTPS is an extension of HTTP, which is the standard protocol for transferring data between web servers and browsers. HTTPS encrypts the data exchanged between the client and the server, preventing anyone from intercepting, modifying, or stealing the data. HTTPS also verifies the identity of the server using digital certificates, preventing spoofing or phishing attacks. HTTPS is widely used for web applications that handle sensitive information, such as online banking, e-commerce, or social media.

Reference:

HTTPS - Week 7: Email Security

How does SSL work? | SSL certificates and TLS | Cloudflare

SSL and TLS: A Beginners Guide | SANS Institute

Which of the following environmental controls options saves the hardware from humidity and heat, increases hardware performance, and maintains consistent room temperature?

A.
Hot and cold aisles
A.
Hot and cold aisles
Answers
B.
Lighting systern
B.
Lighting systern
Answers
C.
Temperature indicator
C.
Temperature indicator
Answers
D.
EMI shielding
D.
EMI shielding
Answers
Suggested answer: A

Explanation:

Hot and cold aisles are a type of environmental control that saves the hardware from humidity and heat, increases hardware performance, and maintains consistent room temperature. Hot and cold aisles are a layout design for data centers, where the server racks are arranged in alternating rows of cold air intake and hot air exhaust. The cold aisle faces the air conditioner output ducts and provides cool air to the front of the servers. The hot aisle faces the air conditioner return ducts and collects the hot air from the back of the servers. This way, the hot and cold air streams are separated and do not mix, resulting in better cooling efficiency, lower energy consumption, and longer hardware lifespan.

Reference:

Hot and cold aisles - Week 4: Network Security Controls: Physical Controls

Hot and Cold Aisles: The Basics of Data Center Cooling

Hot Aisle vs. Cold Aisle Containment: Which One is Best for Your Data Center?

Kevin, a security team member, was instructed to share a policy document with the employees. As it was supposed to be shared within the network, he used a simple algorithm to encrypt the document that just rearranges the same characters to produce the ciphertext.

Identify the type of cipher employed by Kevin in the above scenario.

A.
Substitution cipher
A.
Substitution cipher
Answers
B.
Streamn cipher
B.
Streamn cipher
Answers
C.
Transposition cipher
C.
Transposition cipher
Answers
D.
Block cipher
D.
Block cipher
Answers
Suggested answer: C

Explanation:

A transposition cipher is a type of cipher that encrypts a document by rearranging the same characters to produce the ciphertext. A transposition cipher does not change the identity or frequency of the characters, but only their position. A transposition cipher can use various methods to permute the characters, such as writing them in a grid and reading them in a different order, or shifting them along a rail fence pattern. A transposition cipher is a simple and fast algorithm, but it can be easily broken by frequency analysis or anagramming. A transposition cipher is the type of cipher employed by Kevin in the above scenario, as he used a simple algorithm to encrypt the document that just rearranges the same characters to produce the ciphertext.

Reference:

Transposition cipher - Wikipedia

Network Security: Transposition Cipher Techniques - Coding Streets

Network Defense Essentials (NDE) | Coursera - Module 4: Cryptography Techniques

Columnar Transposition Cipher - GeeksforGeeks

George, a professional hacker, targeted a bank employee and tried to crack his password while he was attempting to log on to the remote server to perform his regular banking operations. In this process, George used sniffing tools to capture the password pairwise master key (PMK) associated with the handshake authentication process. Then, using the PMK, he gained unauthorized access to the server to perform malicious activities.

Identify the encryption technology on which George performed password cracking.

A.
WPA3
A.
WPA3
Answers
B.
WPA
B.
WPA
Answers
C.
WPA2
C.
WPA2
Answers
D.
WEP
D.
WEP
Answers
Suggested answer: C

Explanation:

WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2) is an encryption technology that secures wireless networks using the IEEE 802.11i standard. WPA2 uses a four-way handshake to authenticate the client and the access point, and to generate a pairwise transient key (PTK) for encrypting the data. The PTK is derived from the password pairwise master key (PMK), which is a shared secret between the client and the access point. The PMK can be obtained either by using a pre-shared key (PSK) or by using an 802.1X authentication server. In the above scenario, George performed password cracking on WPA2, as he used sniffing tools to capture the PMK associated with the handshake authentication process. Then, using the PMK, he was able to derive the PTK and decrypt the data exchanged between the client and the access point.

Reference:

WPA2 - Wikipedia

How WPA2-PSK encryption works? - Cryptography Stack Exchange

WPA2 Encryption and Configuration Guide - Cisco Meraki Documentation

John, from a remote location, was monitoring his bedridden grandfather's health condition at his home. John has placed a smart wearable ECG on his grandfather's wrist so that he can receive alerts to his mobile phone and can keep a track over his grandfather's health condition periodically.

Which of the following types of loT communication model was demonstrated in the above scenario?

A.
Device-to-gateway model
A.
Device-to-gateway model
Answers
B.
Device-to-cloud model
B.
Device-to-cloud model
Answers
C.
Cloud-to-cloud communication model
C.
Cloud-to-cloud communication model
Answers
D.
Device-to-device model
D.
Device-to-device model
Answers
Suggested answer: B

Explanation:

A device-to-cloud model is a type of IoT communication model that connects the IoT devices directly to the cloud platform, where the data is stored, processed, and analyzed. The device-to-cloud model enables remote access, real-time monitoring, and scalability of IoT applications. The device-to-cloud model requires the IoT devices to have internet connectivity and cloud compatibility. In the above scenario, John used a device-to-cloud model to monitor his grandfather's health condition, as he placed a smart wearable ECG on his grandfather's wrist that sent the data to the cloud platform, where John could access it from his mobile phone and receive alerts periodically.

Reference:

Communication Models in IoT (Internet of Things) - Section: Device-to-Cloud Model

IoT Communication Models - IoTbyHVM - Section: Device to Cloud Communication Model

Logical Design of IoT | Communication Models | APIs | Functional Blocks - Section: Device-to-Cloud Communication Model

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