Cisco 200-201 Practice Test - Questions Answers, Page 28

An untampered disk image is one that has not been altered since its creation. This is verified by comparing the stored hash of the image at the time of creation with a newly computed hash; if they match, the image is considered untampered.Tampered images, on the other hand, may be used during the root cause analysis process to understand how and what was altered12.Reference:: The differences between tampered and untampered disk images are discussed in cybersecurity literature, including Cisco's certification guides, which explain the importance of hash matching for verifying the integrity of disk images

The attack vector score in the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) reflects how a vulnerability can be exploited.A higher score is given when the attack can be conducted remotely, making it easier for an attacker to exploit the vulnerability without physical access to the vulnerable component3.Reference:: The CVSS specification document provides a detailed explanation of how the attack vector score is determined, emphasizing the impact of the ease of exploitation on the score

In the context of incident response, the detection step involves identifying potential security incidents. The Security Operation Center (SOC) Analyst, which in this case is Employee 4, is typically responsible for monitoring and analyzing security alerts to detect suspicious activities such as brute-force attempts. Therefore, Employee 4 would be the stakeholder responsible for the incident response detection step.Reference: The role of a SOC Analyst in incident response is outlined in cybersecurity frameworks and best practices, which describe the responsibilities of various stakeholders in detecting and responding to security incidents.

A phishing attack often involves sending emails that appear to be from reputable sources with the goal of inducing individuals to reveal personal information, such as passwords and credit card numbers.In this case, the email with the subject ''price deduction'' containing a malicious attachment is designed to trick the recipient into opening the attachment, which can then execute harmful software on their device

The regular expressionc(rgr)+ematches strings where ''rgr'' occurs one or more times between ''c'' and ''e''. The string ''crgrrgre'' fits this pattern as it has the sequence ''rgr'' repeated twice between ''c'' and ''e''.The plus sign (+) in the regular expression indicates that the preceding element must appear one or more times for a match to occur

Traffic fragmentation is an evasion technique where an attacker splits malicious payloads into smaller packets. This can help avoid detection since some security systems may not reassemble these packets to inspect the complete payload.

In cybersecurity, a threat is any potential malicious attack or event that can harm an organization, while a risk is the potential damage or loss that could occur if a threat exploits a vulnerability. Therefore, risk is considered the intersection of threats and vulnerabilities, representing the likelihood and impact of a threat materializing.

TOR, or The Onion Router, is designed to conceal a user's location and usage from anyone conducting network surveillance or traffic analysis.Using TOR makes it more difficult to trace internet activity, including ''visits to Web sites, online posts, instant messages, and other communication forms,'' back to the user1. It is intended to protect the personal privacy of users, as well as their freedom and ability to conduct confidential communication by keeping their internet activities unmonitored. Within an organization, the use of TOR can decrease visibility into data traffic because it encrypts the data multiple times and routes it through a series of servers operated by volunteers around the globe.This makes network monitoring and data visibility challenging for cybersecurity professionals within the organization.Reference:: Understanding Cisco Cybersecurity Operations Fundamentals (CBROPS)

According to NIST SP800-61, the incident response phase called ''Containment, Eradication, and Recovery'' involves containing the incident, eradicating the threat, and recovering from the incident2. In the scenario described, the engineer worked on containing the DDoS attack by identifying the attacker and the technique used, which is part of the containment process. The recommendation to implement Blackhole filtering is part of the eradication process, where measures are taken to prevent the attack from happening again. Finally, restoring the server is part of the recovery process, where normal operations are resumed.Therefore, the engineer finished work during the ''Containment, Eradication, and Recovery'' phase.Reference:: NIST SP800-61 Computer Security Incident Handling Guide2.