ECCouncil 312-40 Practice Test - Questions Answers, Page 8

AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) is the service that enables an AWS security expert to manage SSL/TLS certificates provided by AWS or an external certificate authority. It allows the deployment of the certificate on AWS services such as an Application Load Balancer (ALB) and also handles the renewal and rotation of certificates.

Here's how ACM would be used for the web application:

1.Certificate Provisioning: The security expert can import an SSL/TLS certificate issued by an external certificate authority into ACM.

1.Integration with ALB: ACM integrates with ALB, allowing the certificate to be easily deployed to encrypt the application at the edge.

1.Automatic Renewal: ACM can be configured to automatically renew certificates provided by AWS. For certificates from external authorities, the expert can manually import a new certificate before the old one expires.

1.Yearly Rotation: While ACM does not automatically rotate externally provided certificates, it simplifies the process of replacing them by allowing the expert to import new certificates as needed.

AWS documentation on ACM, which explains how to import certificates and use them with ALB1.

AWS blog post discussing the importance of rotating SSL/TLS certificates and how ACM facilitates this process2.

SaaS, or Software as a Service, is the ideal cloud service model for a BPO company looking to expand its business and provide 24/7 customer service with minimal maintenance and administration. SaaS provides a complete software solution that is managed by the service provider and delivered over the internet, which aligns with the needs of a BPO company for several reasons:

1.Fully Managed Service: SaaS offers a fully managed service, which means the provider is responsible for the maintenance, updates, and security of the software.

1.Accessibility: It allows employees to access the software from anywhere at any time, which is essential for 24/7 customer service operations.

1.Scalability: SaaS solutions are highly scalable, allowing the BPO company to easily adjust its usage based on business demands without worrying about infrastructure limitations.

1.Cost-Effectiveness: With SaaS, the BPO company can avoid upfront costs associated with purchasing, managing, and upgrading hardware and software.

1.Integration and Customization: Many SaaS offerings provide options for integration with other services and customization to meet specific business needs.

An article discussing how cloud computing services are becoming the new BPO style, highlighting the benefits of SaaS for BPO companies1.

A report on the impact of cloud services on BPOs, emphasizing the advantages of SaaS in terms of cost savings and quick response to customers1.

The Warm Standby approach in disaster recovery is designed to achieve lower Recovery Time Objectives (RTO) and Recovery Point Objectives (RPO) values. This approach involves having a scaled-down version of a fully functional environment running at all times in the cloud. In the event of a disaster, the system can quickly switch over to the warm standby environment, which is already running and up-to-date, thus ensuring a quick and complete restoration of applications.

Here's how the Warm Standby approach works:

1.Prepared Environment: A duplicate of the production environment is running in the cloud, but at a reduced capacity.

1.Quick Activation: In case of a disaster, this environment can be quickly scaled up to handle the full production load.

1.Data Synchronization: Regular data synchronization ensures that the standby environment is always up-to-date, which contributes to a low RPO.

1.Reduced Downtime: Because the standby system is always running, the time to switch over is minimal, leading to a low RTO.

1.Cost-Efficiency: While more expensive than a cold standby, it is more cost-effective than a hot standby, balancing cost with readiness.

An article discussing the importance of RPO and RTO in disaster recovery and how different strategies, including Warm Standby, impact these metrics1.

A guide explaining various disaster recovery strategies, including Warm Standby, and their relation to achieving lower RTO and RPO values2.

1.Cloud Governance Framework: Cloud governance is a framework designed to ensure data security, system integration, and the deployment of cloud computing are properly managed1.

1.Alignment with Business Vision: The framework helps align cloud operations with business goals, which is essential for Falcon Computers to integrate its IT infrastructure with its business vision1.

1.Cloud Center of Excellence (CCoE): A CCoE is a cross-functional team that leads the cloud strategy, governance, and best practices in an organization and ensures that cloud services align with business objectives1.

1.Role of CCoE: The CCoE provides leadership, best practices, research, support, and training for all aspects of cloud computing. It helps to align cloud initiatives with business strategies, manage risks, and drive cloud adoption across the enterprise1.

1.Benefits: Implementing a CCoE can improve management of resources, enhance cloud security, help curb shadow IT, and reduce administrative overhead1.

CrowdStrike's article on Cloud Governance1.

1.Zero Trust Access Model: The zero-trust model is a security concept centered on the belief that organizations should not automatically trust anything inside or outside its perimeters and instead must verify anything and everything trying to connect to its systems before granting access1.

1.Eliminating VPNs: The zero-trust model can be implemented without the need for traditional VPNs by using cloud services that verify user identities and device security status before granting access to applications1.

1.Identity-Aware Proxy (IAP): Google Cloud's IAP enables the control of access to applications running on GCP, GKE, and on-premises, based on identity and context of the request (such as the user's identity, device security status, and IP address)1.

1.Role-Based Access Control (RBAC): IAP supports RBAC, which allows organizations to enforce granular access controls based on roles assigned to users within the organization2.

1.Benefits of IAP: By using IAP, organizations can secure their applications by ensuring that only authenticated and authorized users are able to access them. IAP works as a building block for a zero-trust approach on GCP1.

Google Cloud's explanation of applying zero trust to user access and production services1.

Google Cloud's documentation on Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)2.

1.Understanding the Incident: When an EC2 instance communicates with a suspicious port, it's crucial to analyze network traffic to understand the patterns of the security breach1.

1.Log Sources for Forensic Investigation: AWS provides several log sources that can be used for forensic investigations, including AWS CloudTrail, AWS Config, VPC Flow Logs, and host-level logs1.

1.Amazon VPC Flow Logs: These logs capture information about the IP traffic going to and from network interfaces in a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC). They are particularly useful for understanding network-level interactions, which is essential in this case1.

1.Evidentiary Value: VPC flow logs can provide data with evidentiary value, showing the source, destination, and protocol used in the network traffic, which can help investigators identify patterns related to the security breach1.

1.Other Log Sources: While Amazon CloudTrail and Amazon CloudWatch provide valuable information on user activities and metrics, respectively, they do not offer the detailed network traffic insights needed for this specific forensic investigation1.

AWS Security Incident Response Guide's section on Forensics on AWS1.

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1.Cloud Service Models: There are three primary cloud service models, which are Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS)1.

1.Amazon EC2: Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) is a web service that provides secure, resizable compute capacity in the cloud. It allows users to run virtual servers and manage storage, security, and networking1.

1.IaaS Definition: IaaS provides virtualized computing resources over the internet. In an IaaS model, a cloud provider hosts the infrastructure components traditionally present in an on-premises data center, including servers, storage, and networking hardware1.

1.EC2 as IaaS: Amazon EC2 falls under the IaaS category because it provides the hardware infrastructure, allows users to scale computing capacity up or down, and users pay only for the capacity they use1.

1.Exclusion of Other Models: EC2 is not PaaS because it does not provide a platform for developing, running, or managing applications. It's not SaaS as it doesn't deliver software over the internet. DaaS, or Desktop as a Service, provides virtual desktops, which is not the service EC2 offers1.

AWS's official documentation on Amazon EC21.

1.Service Level Agreement (SLA): An SLA is a contract between a service provider and the customer that specifies, usually in measurable terms, what services the service provider will furnish1.

1.Security Standards in SLAs: SLAs often include security standards that the service provider agrees to maintain. This can cover various aspects such as data encryption, access controls, and incident response times1.

1.Data Compliance: The SLA can also define compliance with relevant regulations and standards, ensuring that the service provider adheres to laws such as GDPR, HIPAA, or industry-specific guidelines2.

1.Alignment with Business Needs: By clearly stating the security measures and compliance standards, an SLA helps ensure that the cloud services align with the multinational company's business needs and regulatory requirements1.

1.Other Options: While service agreements and contracts may contain similar terms, the term ''Service Level Agreement'' is specifically used in the context of IT services to define performance and quality metrics, making it the most appropriate choice for defining security standards and compliance in cloud services1.

DigitalOcean's article on Cloud Compliance1.

CrowdStrike's guide on Cloud Compliance2.

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1.Content Delivery Network (CDN): Amazon CloudFront is a CDN that accelerates the delivery of content by caching it at edge locations that are closer to the end-users1.

1.Edge Locations: These are data centers located around the world that store cached copies of content so that it can be delivered more quickly to users1.

1.Low Latency: When a user requests content, DNS routes the request to the CloudFront Point of Presence (POP) that can best serve the request, typically the nearest CloudFront POP in terms of latency1.

1.Cache Check: CloudFront checks its cache for the requested object. If the object is in the cache, CloudFront returns it to the user1.

1.Cache Miss: If the object is not in the cache, CloudFront forwards the request to the origin server for the object, and then the origin server sends the object back to the edge location. As soon as the first byte arrives from the origin, CloudFront begins to forward the object to the user and adds it to the cache for the next time someone requests it1.

Amazon's official documentation on how CloudFront delivers content1.