CTFL-2018: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level 2018

Boundary value analysis and decision table testing are the best choice of one black box technique and one white box technique for test case design2.A black box technique is a technique that uses the external behaviour or specification of a system as a test basis to derive test cases without referring to its internal structure or logic2.A white box technique is a technique that uses the internal structure or logic of a system as a test basis to derive test cases and measure test coverage2. In this question, the system has complex business rules and many branches in the structure of its code components. Therefore, we need to choose a black box technique that can handle complex business rules and a white box technique that can cover many branches.

Boundary value analysis is a black box technique that tests the values at or near the boundaries of an equivalence partition2.Boundary value analysis can handle complex business rules by identifying the boundary conditions that may cause errors or exceptions in the system's behaviour2.

Decision table testing is a white box technique that tests all possible combinations of conditions and actions in a decision logic2.Decision table testing can cover many branches by creating a table that shows how each condition affects each action and then deriving test cases from each row of the table2.

Therefore, boundary value analysis and decision table testing are the best choice of one black box technique and one white box technique for test case design.

The question asks which of the test cases will ensure that the statement 'Print 'Hold'' is exercised. The statement 'Print 'Hold'' is executed when X > Y and Z < Y. Therefore, to exercise this statement, we need to choose a test case that satisfies these conditions. Among the options given in this question, only C satisfies these conditions. X = 42 > Y =43 and Z =42 < Y =43. Therefore, C is the correct answer.

To achieve 100% statement coverage, we need to execute every statement in the code at least once. To achieve 100% decision coverage, we need to execute every possible outcome of every decision in the code at least once. In this case, we can use the following test cases to cover both statement and decision coverage:

A = true, B = true

A = false, B = false

These two test cases will cover all the statements and all the possible outcomes of the decisions in the code. Therefore, the minimum number of test cases required to achieve both statement and decision coverage is two.

Testers identify defects, developers locate and correct defects, testers confirm the correction has cleared the original defect. Debugging is the process of finding and fixing defects in a software product by analyzing its code or behavior. Debugging is usually performed by developers who have access to and knowledge of the code or structure of the software product. Debugging involves locating and correcting defects identified by testers during testing activities, and verifying that the correction has cleared the original defect without introducing new defects. Testers can also participate in debugging by providing information about how to reproduce defects, what are the expected results, what are the actual results, etc., and by confirming that defects have been fixed after debugging. A detailed explanation of debugging can be found in [A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus], page 6.