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Which of these is not an instrinsic function in AWS CloudFormation?
After a daily scrum with your development teams, you've agreed that using Blue/Green style deployments would benefit the team. Which technique should you use to deliver this new requirement?
An application has microservices spread across different AWS accounts and is integrated with an on-premises legacy system for some of its functionality. Because of the segmented architecture and missing logs, every time the application experiences issues, it is taking too long to gather the logs to identify the issues. A DevOps Engineer must fix the log aggregation process and provide a way to centrally analyze the logs. Which is the MOST efficient and cost-effective solution?
For AWS Auto Scaling, what is the first transition state an existing instance enters after leaving steady state in Standby mode?
A DevOps Engineer must create a Linux AMI in an automated fashion. The newly created AMI identification must be stored in a location where other build pipelines can access the new identification programmatically What is the MOST cost-effective way to do this?
A company hosts parts of a Python-based application using AWS Elastic Beanstalk. An Elastic Beanstalk CLI is being used to create and update the environments. The Operations team detected an increase in requests in one of the Elastic Beanstalk environments that caused downtime overnight. The team noted that the policy used for AWS Auto Scaling is NetworkOut. Based on load testing metrics, the team determined that the application needs to scale CPU utilization to improve the resilience of the environments. The team wants to implement this across all environments automatically. Following AWS recommendations, how should this automation be implemented?
If you want CloudFormation stack status updates to show up in a continuous delivery system in as close to real time as possible, how should you achieve this?
A company updated the AWS CloudFormation template for a critical business application. The stack update process failed due to an error in the updated template, and AWS CloudFormation automatically began the stack rollback process. Later, a DevOps engineer discovered that the application was still unavailable and that the stack was in the UPDATE_ROLLBACK_FAILED state. Which combination of actions should the DevOps engineer perform so that the stack rollback can complete successfully? (Choose two.)
You have an application running on an Amazon EC2 instance and you are using IAM roles to securely access AWS Service APIs. How can you configure your application running on that instance to retrieve the API keys for use with the AWS SDKs?
A user has attached an EBS volume to a running Linux instance as a "/dev/sdf" device. The user is unable to see the attached device when he runs the command "df -h". What is the possible reason for this?

Question 351

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A company is using AWS for an application. The Development team must automate its deployments. The team has set up an AWS CodePipeline to deploy the application to Amazon EC2 instances by using AWS CodeDeploy after it has been built using the AWS CodeBuild service.

The team would like to add automated testing to the pipeline to confirm that the application is healthy before deploying it to the next stage of the pipeline using the same code. The team requires a manual approval action before the application is deployed, even if the test is successful. The testing and approval must be accomplished at the lowest costs, using the simplest management solution. Which solution will meet these requirements?

A.
Add a manual approval action after the last deploy action of the pipeline. Use Amazon SNS to inform the team of the stage being triggered. Next, add a test action using CodeBuild to do the required tests. At the end of the pipeline, add a deploy action to deploy the application to the next stage.
A.
Add a manual approval action after the last deploy action of the pipeline. Use Amazon SNS to inform the team of the stage being triggered. Next, add a test action using CodeBuild to do the required tests. At the end of the pipeline, add a deploy action to deploy the application to the next stage.
Answers
B.
Add a test action after the last deploy action of the pipeline. Configure the action to use CodeBuild to perform the required tests. If these tests are successful, mark the action as successful. Add a manual approval action that uses Amazon SNS to notify the team, and add a deploy action to deploy the application to the next stage.
B.
Add a test action after the last deploy action of the pipeline. Configure the action to use CodeBuild to perform the required tests. If these tests are successful, mark the action as successful. Add a manual approval action that uses Amazon SNS to notify the team, and add a deploy action to deploy the application to the next stage.
Answers
C.
Create a new pipeline that uses a source action that gets the code from the same repository as the first pipeline. Add a deploy action to deploy the code to a test environment. Use a test action using AWS Lambda to test the deployment. Add a manual approval action by using Amazon SNS to notify the team, and add a deploy action to deploy the application to the next stage.
C.
Create a new pipeline that uses a source action that gets the code from the same repository as the first pipeline. Add a deploy action to deploy the code to a test environment. Use a test action using AWS Lambda to test the deployment. Add a manual approval action by using Amazon SNS to notify the team, and add a deploy action to deploy the application to the next stage.
Answers
D.
Add a test action after the last deployment action. Use a Jenkins server on Amazon EC2 to do the required tests and mark the action as successful if the tests pass. Create a manual approval action that uses Amazon SQS to notify the team and add a deploy action to deploy the application to the next stage.
D.
Add a test action after the last deployment action. Use a Jenkins server on Amazon EC2 to do the required tests and mark the action as successful if the tests pass. Create a manual approval action that uses Amazon SQS to notify the team and add a deploy action to deploy the application to the next stage.
Answers
Suggested answer: B

Question 352

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A media customer has several thousand amazon EC2 instances in an AWS account. The customer is using a Slack channel for team communications and important updates. A DevOps Engineer was told to send all AWS-scheduled EC2 maintenance notifications to the company Slack channel.

Which method should the Engineer use to implement this process in the LEAST amount of steps?

A.
Integrate AWS Trusted Advisor with AWS Config. Based on the AWS Config rules created, the AWS Config event can invoke an AWS Lambda function to send notifications to the Slack channel.
A.
Integrate AWS Trusted Advisor with AWS Config. Based on the AWS Config rules created, the AWS Config event can invoke an AWS Lambda function to send notifications to the Slack channel.
Answers
B.
Integrate AWS Personal Health Dashboard with Amazon CloudWatch Events. Based on the CloudWatch Events created, the event can invoke an AWS Lambda function to send notifications to the Slack channel.
B.
Integrate AWS Personal Health Dashboard with Amazon CloudWatch Events. Based on the CloudWatch Events created, the event can invoke an AWS Lambda function to send notifications to the Slack channel.
Answers
C.
Integrate EC2 events with Amazon CloudWatch monitoring. Based on the CloudWatch Alarm created, the alarm can invoke an AWS Lambda function to send EC2 maintenance notifications to the Slack channel.
C.
Integrate EC2 events with Amazon CloudWatch monitoring. Based on the CloudWatch Alarm created, the alarm can invoke an AWS Lambda function to send EC2 maintenance notifications to the Slack channel.
Answers
D.
Integrate AWS Support with AWS CloudTrail. Based on the CloudTrail lookup event created, the event can invoke an AWS Lambda function to pass EC2 maintenance notifications to the Slack channel.
D.
Integrate AWS Support with AWS CloudTrail. Based on the CloudTrail lookup event created, the event can invoke an AWS Lambda function to pass EC2 maintenance notifications to the Slack channel.
Answers
Suggested answer: B

Explanation:

Reference:

https://docs.aws.amazon.com/health/latest/ug/cloudwatch-events-health.html

Question 353

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A company wants to implement a CI/CD pipeline for building and testing its mobile apps. A DevOps Engineer has been given the following requirements:

Use AWS CodePipeline to orchestrate the workflow.

Test the application on real devices.

Trigger a notification.

Stage the application binary on a production bucket in a different account. Make the application binary publicly accessible. Which sequence of actions should the Engineer perform in the pipeline to meet the requirements?

A.
Use AWS CodeCommit as the code source and AWS CodeDeploy to compile and package the application. Use CodeDeploy to deploy the application binary to an AWS Lambda function for testing. Use a third-party library on AWS Lambda to simulate the device platform. Allow a Lambda role to upload to the production Amazon S3 bucket. Make the binary publicly accessible. Trigger notifications using Amazon SNS.
A.
Use AWS CodeCommit as the code source and AWS CodeDeploy to compile and package the application. Use CodeDeploy to deploy the application binary to an AWS Lambda function for testing. Use a third-party library on AWS Lambda to simulate the device platform. Allow a Lambda role to upload to the production Amazon S3 bucket. Make the binary publicly accessible. Trigger notifications using Amazon SNS.
Answers
B.
Use GitHub as the code source and AWS Lambda to compile and package the application. Use another Lambda function to run unit tests and deliver the application binary to a development bucket. Use the binary from the development bucket and install the application on a personal device for testing. Deliver the binary to the production bucket after approval. Trigger notifications using Amazon SNS.
B.
Use GitHub as the code source and AWS Lambda to compile and package the application. Use another Lambda function to run unit tests and deliver the application binary to a development bucket. Use the binary from the development bucket and install the application on a personal device for testing. Deliver the binary to the production bucket after approval. Trigger notifications using Amazon SNS.
Answers
C.
Use an Amazon S3 bucket as the code source and AWS CodeBuild to compile and package the application. Use AWS CodeDeploy to deploy the application binary to a device farm for testing. Deliver the binary to the production S3 bucket. Use an S3 bucket policy to allow public read on the production S3 bucket. Trigger notifications using an Amazon CloudWatch Events rule with Amazon SNS.
C.
Use an Amazon S3 bucket as the code source and AWS CodeBuild to compile and package the application. Use AWS CodeDeploy to deploy the application binary to a device farm for testing. Deliver the binary to the production S3 bucket. Use an S3 bucket policy to allow public read on the production S3 bucket. Trigger notifications using an Amazon CloudWatch Events rule with Amazon SNS.
Answers
D.
Use AWS CodeCommit as the code source and AWS CodeBuild to compile and package the application. Invoke an AWS Lambda function that uploads the application binary to a device farm for testing. Deliver the binary to the production Amazon S3 bucket. Use an S3 bucket policy to allow public read on the production S3 bucket. Trigger notifications by using an Amazon CloudWatch Events rule.
D.
Use AWS CodeCommit as the code source and AWS CodeBuild to compile and package the application. Invoke an AWS Lambda function that uploads the application binary to a device farm for testing. Deliver the binary to the production Amazon S3 bucket. Use an S3 bucket policy to allow public read on the production S3 bucket. Trigger notifications by using an Amazon CloudWatch Events rule.
Answers
Suggested answer: D

Question 354

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A web application is being actively developed by multiple development teams within your organization. You have created a self-service portal-driven by AWS CloudFormation and the AWS APIs-that allows testers to select a code branch containing a new feature that they want to test. The portal will then provision an environment and deploy the right branch of code to it. Recently you have noticed that a large number of environments contain broken builds. You want to introduce a set of automated browser tests that are executed on a new environment before the environment is available to the tester. This way a tester does not waste time trying to test new features in a broken environment.

Select a suitable way to implement such a feature into the existing self-service portal:

A.
Specify your automated tests in the "tests" section of the AWS CloudFormation template. AWS CloudFormation will then execute the tests on your behalf as part of the environment build.
A.
Specify your automated tests in the "tests" section of the AWS CloudFormation template. AWS CloudFormation will then execute the tests on your behalf as part of the environment build.
Answers
B.
Configure a centralized test server that hosts an automated browser testing framework. Use an AWS CloudFormation custom resource to notify the centralized test server, via an Amazon SNS topic, that a new environment has been initialized.The centralized test server can then execute the tests before sending the results back to the AWS CloudFormation service.
B.
Configure a centralized test server that hosts an automated browser testing framework. Use an AWS CloudFormation custom resource to notify the centralized test server, via an Amazon SNS topic, that a new environment has been initialized.The centralized test server can then execute the tests before sending the results back to the AWS CloudFormation service.
Answers
C.
Pass the test scripts to the cfn-init service via the "tests" section of the AWS::CloudFormation::Init metadata. Cfn-init will then execute these tests and return the result to the AWS CloudFormation service.
C.
Pass the test scripts to the cfn-init service via the "tests" section of the AWS::CloudFormation::Init metadata. Cfn-init will then execute these tests and return the result to the AWS CloudFormation service.
Answers
D.
Configure a centralized test server that hosts an automated browser testing framework. Include an Amazon SES email resource under the outputs section of your AWS CloudFormation template. This we send an email to your centralized test server, informing it that the environment is ready for tests.
D.
Configure a centralized test server that hosts an automated browser testing framework. Include an Amazon SES email resource under the outputs section of your AWS CloudFormation template. This we send an email to your centralized test server, informing it that the environment is ready for tests.
Answers
Suggested answer: B

Question 355

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You need to deploy a new application version to production. Because the deployment is high-risk, you need to roll the new version out to users over a number of hours, to make sure everything is working correctly. You need to be able to control the proportion of users seeing the new version of the application down to the percentage point. You use ELB and EC2 with Auto Scaling Groups and custom AMIs with your code pre-installed assigned to Launch Configurations. There are no databaselevel changes during your deployment. You have been told you cannot spend too much money, so you must not increase the number of EC2 instances much at all during the deployment, but you also need to be able to switch back to the original version of code quickly if something goes wrong. What is the best way to meet these requirements?

A.
Create a second ELB, Auto Scaling Launch Configuration, and Auto Scaling Group using the Launch Configuration. Create AMIs with all code pre-installed. Assign the new AMI to the second Auto Scaling Launch Configuration. Use Route53 Weighted Round Robin Records to adjust the proportion of traffic hitting the two ELBs.
A.
Create a second ELB, Auto Scaling Launch Configuration, and Auto Scaling Group using the Launch Configuration. Create AMIs with all code pre-installed. Assign the new AMI to the second Auto Scaling Launch Configuration. Use Route53 Weighted Round Robin Records to adjust the proportion of traffic hitting the two ELBs.
Answers
B.
Use the Blue-Green deployment method to enable the fastest possible rollback if needed. Create a full second stack of instances and cut the DNS over to the new stack of instances, and change the DNS back if a rollback is needed.
B.
Use the Blue-Green deployment method to enable the fastest possible rollback if needed. Create a full second stack of instances and cut the DNS over to the new stack of instances, and change the DNS back if a rollback is needed.
Answers
C.
Create AMIs with all code pre-installed. Assign the new AMI to the Auto Scaling Launch Configuration, to replace the old one. Gradually terminate instances running the old code (launched with the old Launch Configuration) and allow the new AMIs to boot to adjust the traffic balance to the new code. On rollback, reverse the process by doing the same thing, but changing the AMI on the Launch Config back to the original code.
C.
Create AMIs with all code pre-installed. Assign the new AMI to the Auto Scaling Launch Configuration, to replace the old one. Gradually terminate instances running the old code (launched with the old Launch Configuration) and allow the new AMIs to boot to adjust the traffic balance to the new code. On rollback, reverse the process by doing the same thing, but changing the AMI on the Launch Config back to the original code.
Answers
D.
Migrate to use AWS Elastic Beanstalk. Use the established and well-tested Rolling Deployment setting AWS provides on the new Application Environment, publishing a zip bundle of the new code and adjusting the wait period to spread the deployment over time. Re-deploy the old code bundle to rollback if needed.
D.
Migrate to use AWS Elastic Beanstalk. Use the established and well-tested Rolling Deployment setting AWS provides on the new Application Environment, publishing a zip bundle of the new code and adjusting the wait period to spread the deployment over time. Re-deploy the old code bundle to rollback if needed.
Answers
Suggested answer: A

Explanation:

Only Weighted Round Robin DNS Records and reverse proxies allow such fine-grained tuning of traffic splits. The Blue- Green option does not meet the requirement that we mitigate costs and keep overall EC2 fleet size consistent, so we must select the 2 ELB and ASG option with WRR DNS tuning. This method is called A/B deployment and/or Canary deployment.

Reference:

https://d0.awsstatic.com/whitepapers/overview-of-deployment-options-on-aws.pdf

Question 356

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A user is defining a policy for the IAM user. Which of the below mentioned elements can be found in an IAM policy?

A.
Not Effect
A.
Not Effect
Answers
B.
Supported Data Types
B.
Supported Data Types
Answers
C.
Principal Resource
C.
Principal Resource
Answers
D.
Version Management
D.
Version Management
Answers
Suggested answer: B

Explanation:

A user can define various elements for an IAM policy. The elements include Version, ID, Statement, Sid, Effect, Principal, Not Principal, Action, Not Action, Resource, Not Resource, Condition, and Supported Data Types.

Reference: http://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/AccessPolicyLanguage_ElementDescriptions.html

Question 357

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A DevOps Engineer is implementing a mechanism for canary testing an application on AWS. The application was recently modified and went through security, unit, and functional testing. The application needs to be deployed on an AutoScaling group and must use a Classic Load Balancer. Which design meets the requirement for canary testing?

A.
Create a different Classic Load Balancer and Auto Scaling group for blue/green environments. Use Amazon Route 53 and create weighted A records on Classic Load Balancer.
A.
Create a different Classic Load Balancer and Auto Scaling group for blue/green environments. Use Amazon Route 53 and create weighted A records on Classic Load Balancer.
Answers
B.
Create a single Classic Load Balancer and an Auto Scaling group for blue/green environments. Use Amazon Route 53 and create A records for Classic Load Balancer IPs. Adjust traffic using A records.
B.
Create a single Classic Load Balancer and an Auto Scaling group for blue/green environments. Use Amazon Route 53 and create A records for Classic Load Balancer IPs. Adjust traffic using A records.
Answers
C.
Create a single Classic Load Balancer and an Auto Scaling group for blue/green environments. Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution with the Classic Load Balancer as the origin. Adjust traffic using CloudFront.
C.
Create a single Classic Load Balancer and an Auto Scaling group for blue/green environments. Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution with the Classic Load Balancer as the origin. Adjust traffic using CloudFront.
Answers
D.
Create a different Classic Load Balancer and Auto Scaling group for blue/green environments. Create an Amazon API Gateway with a separate stage for the Classic Load Balancer. Adjust traffic by giving weights to this stage.
D.
Create a different Classic Load Balancer and Auto Scaling group for blue/green environments. Create an Amazon API Gateway with a separate stage for the Classic Load Balancer. Adjust traffic by giving weights to this stage.
Answers
Suggested answer: A

Question 358

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You have a fleet of Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances in an Auto Scaling group. All of these instances are running Microsoft Windows Server 2012 backed by Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS). These instances were launched through AWS CloudFormation. You have determined that your instances are underutilized, and in order to save some money, have decided to modify the instance type of the fleet. In which of the following ways can you achieve the desired result during a scheduled maintenance window? (Choose two.)

A.
Create a new Auto Scaling launch configuration specifying the new instance type, associate it to the existing Auto Scaling group, and terminate the running instances.
A.
Create a new Auto Scaling launch configuration specifying the new instance type, associate it to the existing Auto Scaling group, and terminate the running instances.
Answers
B.
Identify the new instance type in the user data and restart the running instances one at a time.
B.
Identify the new instance type in the user data and restart the running instances one at a time.
Answers
C.
Use the AWS Command Line Interface (CLI) to modify the instance type of each running instance.
C.
Use the AWS Command Line Interface (CLI) to modify the instance type of each running instance.
Answers
D.
Change the instance type in the AWS CloudFormation template that was used to create the Amazon EC2 instances, and then update the stack.
D.
Change the instance type in the AWS CloudFormation template that was used to create the Amazon EC2 instances, and then update the stack.
Answers
E.
Take snapshots of the running instances, and launch new instances based on those snapshots.
E.
Take snapshots of the running instances, and launch new instances based on those snapshots.
Answers
Suggested answer: A, D

Question 359

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As part of your continuous deployment process, your application undergoes an I/O load performance test before it is deployed to production using new AMIs. The application uses one Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS) PIOPS volume per instance and requires consistent I/O performance.

Which of the following must be carried out to ensure that I/O load performance tests yield the correct results in a repeatable manner?

A.
Ensure that the I/O block sizes for the test are randomly selected.
A.
Ensure that the I/O block sizes for the test are randomly selected.
Answers
B.
Ensure that the Amazon EBS volumes have been pre-warmed by reading all the blocks before the test.
B.
Ensure that the Amazon EBS volumes have been pre-warmed by reading all the blocks before the test.
Answers
C.
Ensure that snapshots of the Amazon EBS volumes are created as a backup.
C.
Ensure that snapshots of the Amazon EBS volumes are created as a backup.
Answers
D.
Ensure that the Amazon EBS volume is encrypted.
D.
Ensure that the Amazon EBS volume is encrypted.
Answers
E.
Ensure that the Amazon EBS volume has been pre-warmed by creating a snapshot of the volume before the test.
E.
Ensure that the Amazon EBS volume has been pre-warmed by creating a snapshot of the volume before the test.
Answers
Suggested answer: B

Question 360

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An education company has a Docker-based application running on multiple Amazon EC2 instances in an Amazon ECS cluster. When deploying a new version of the application, the Developer, pushes a new image to a private Docker container registry, and then stops and starts all tasks to ensure that they all have the latest version of the application. The Developer discovers that new tasks are occasionally running with an old image. How can this issue be prevented?

A.
After pushing the new image, restart ECS Agent, and then start the tasks.
A.
After pushing the new image, restart ECS Agent, and then start the tasks.
Answers
B.
Use “latest” for the Docker image tag in the task definition.
B.
Use “latest” for the Docker image tag in the task definition.
Answers
C.
Update the digest on the task definition when pushing the new image.
C.
Update the digest on the task definition when pushing the new image.
Answers
D.
Use Amazon ECR for a Docker container registry.
D.
Use Amazon ECR for a Docker container registry.
Answers
Suggested answer: A

Explanation:

When a new task starts, the Amazon ECS container agent pulls the latest version of the specified image and tag for the container to use. However, subsequent updates to a repository image are not propagated to already running tasks.

Reference:

https://docs.aws.amazon.com/en_us/AmazonECS/latest/developerguide/task_definition_paramet ers.html

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