Palo Alto Networks PCCET Practice Test - Questions Answers, Page 11

The six pillars include:

1. Business (goals and outcomes)

2. People (who will perform the work)

3. Interfaces (external functions to help achieve goals)

4. Visibility (information needed to accomplish goals)

5. Technology (capabilities needed to provide visibility and enable people)

6. Processes (tactical steps required to execute on goals)

All elements must tie back to the business itself and the goals of the security operations

2G/2.5G: 2G connectivity remains a prevalent and viable IoT connectivity option due to the low cost of 2G modules, relatively long battery life, and large installed base of

2G sensors and M2M applications.

3G: IoT devices with 3G modules use either Wideband Code Division Multiple Access

(W-CDMA) or Evolved High Speed Packet Access (HSPA+ and Advanced HSPA+) to achieve data transfer rates of 384Kbps to 168Mbps.

4G/Long-Term Evolution (LTE): 4G/LTE networks enable real-time IoT use cases, such as autonomous vehicles, with 4G LTE Advanced Pro delivering speeds in excess of

3Gbps and less than 2 milliseconds of latency.

5G: 5G cellular technology provides significant enhancements compared to 4G/LTE

networks and is backed by ultra-low latency, massive connectivity and scalability for

IoT devices, more efficient use of the licensed spectrum, and network slicing for application traffic prioritization.

Palo Alto Networks Cortex XDR is an extended detection and response platform that provides endpoint protection, threat detection, and incident response capabilities.When an endpoint is asked to run an executable, Cortex XDR does the following steps1:

First, it sends the executable to WildFire, a cloud-based malware analysis and prevention service, to determine if it is malicious or benign.WildFire uses static and dynamic analysis, machine learning, and threat intelligence to analyze the executable and provide a verdict in seconds2.

Next, it checks the execution policy, which is a set of rules that define what actions are allowed or blocked on the endpoint.The execution policy can be configured by the administrator to enforce granular control over the endpoint behavior3.

Then, it runs a static analysis, which is a technique that examines the executable without executing it.Static analysis can identify malicious indicators, such as file signatures, hashes, strings, and embedded resources4.

Finally, it runs a dynamic analysis, which is a technique that executes the executable in a sandboxed environment and monitors its behavior.Dynamic analysis can detect malicious activities, such as network connections, registry changes, file modifications, and process injections4.

Cortex XDR Endpoint Protection Overview

WildFire Overview

[Execution Policy]

[Static and Dynamic Analysis]

A botnet is a network of computers or devices that are infected by malware and controlled by a malicious actor, known as the botmaster or bot-herder. The botmaster uses a command and control (C2) server or channel to send instructions to the bots and receive information from them. The C2 communication is essential for the botmaster to maintain control over the botnet and use it for various malicious purposes, such as launching distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, stealing data, sending spam, or mining cryptocurrency. Therefore, the key to ''taking down'' a botnet is to prevent the bots from communicating with the C2 server or channel. This can be done by disrupting, blocking, or hijacking the C2 communication, which can render the botnet ineffective, unstable, or inaccessible. For example, security researchers or law enforcement agencies can use techniques such as sinkholing, domain name system (DNS) poisoning, or domain seizure to redirect the bot traffic to a benign server or a dead end, cutting off the connection between the bots and the botmaster. Alternatively, they can use techniques such as reverse engineering, decryption, or impersonation to infiltrate the C2 server or channel and take over the botnet, either to disable it, monitor it, or use it for good purposes.Reference:

What is a Botnet? - Palo Alto Networks

Botnet Detection and Prevention Techniques | A Quick Guide - XenonStack

Botnet Mitigation: How to Prevent Botnet Attacks in 2024 - DataDome

What is a Botnet? Definition and Prevention | Varonis

• Reduce the attack surface: Best-of-breed technologies that are natively integrated provide a prevention architecture that inherently reduces the attack surface. This type of architecture allows organizations to exert positive control based on applications, users, and content, with support for open communication, orchestration, and visibility.

• Prevent all known threats, fast: A coordinated security platform accounts for the full scope of an attack across the various security controls that compose the security posture, thus enabling organizations to quickly identify and block known threats.

• Detect and prevent new, unknown threats with automation: Security that simply detects threats and requires a manual response is too little, too late. Automated creation and delivery of near-real-time protections against new threats to the various security solutions in the organization’s environments enable dynamic policy updates. These updates are designed to allow enterprises to scale defenses with technology, rather than people.

To maximize the use of a network address, the administrator should use the subnet that can accommodate the required number of hosts with the least amount of wasted IP addresses. The subnet mask determines how many bits are used for the network portion and the host portion of the IP address. The more bits are used for the network portion, the more subnets can be created, but the fewer hosts can be assigned to each subnet. The formula to calculate the number of hosts per subnet is

2(32n)2

, where n

is the number of bits in the network portion of the subnet mask. For example, a /30 subnet mask has 30 bits in the network portion, so the number of hosts per subnet is

2(3230)2=2

. A /25 subnet mask has 25 bits in the network portion, so the number of hosts per subnet is

2(3225)2=126

.

The subnet 192.168.6.0/25 can accommodate 126 hosts, which is enough for the network with 120 hosts. The subnet 192.168.6.168/30 can only accommodate 2 hosts, which is not enough. The subnet 192.168.6.160/29 can accommodate 6 hosts, which is also not enough. The subnet 192.168.6.128/27 can accommodate 30 hosts, which is enough, but it wastes more IP addresses than the /25 subnet. Therefore, the best option is B. 192.168.6.0/25.

Reference:

Getting Started: Layer 3 Subinterfaces - Palo Alto Networks Knowledge Base

DotW: Multiple IP Addresses on an Interface - Palo Alto Networks Knowledge Base

Configure NAT - Palo Alto Networks | TechDocs

A directory service is a database that contains information about users, resources, and services in a network.

IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) is a cloud computing model that delivers on-demand infrastructure resources to organizations via the cloud, such as compute, storage, networking, and virtualization1.Customers do not have to manage, maintain, or update their own data center infrastructure, but are responsible for the operating system, middleware, virtual machines, and any apps or data1.Therefore, IaaS gives customers full control over the operating system(s) running on their cloud computing platform, as well as the flexibility to customize and configure their infrastructure according to their needs2.Reference:What are the different types of cloud computing? | Google Cloud,PaaS vs IaaS vs SaaS: What's the difference? | Google Cloud