GAQM CITM-001 Practice Test - Questions Answers, Page 3

Development cost is the type of cost that is considered as actual costs of analysis, design, and installation for the system. Development cost includes the expenses incurred during the planning, designing, building, testing, and deploying of a system. Development cost is usually estimated before the start of a project and is used to measure the feasibility and profitability of a system. Development cost is also used to monitor the progress and performance of a project and to control the scope and quality of a system.Reference:CITM Course Outline, Module 4, Corporate IT Strategy, page 9.CITM Training Course, Cost, page 14.CITM Certification Overview, Exam Information, Course Outline, Module 4.

Development cost is the type of cost that is considered as actual costs of analysis, design, and installation for the system. Development cost includes the expenses incurred during the planning, designing, building, testing, and deploying of a system. Development cost is usually estimated before the start of a project and is used to measure the feasibility and profitability of a system. Development cost is also used to monitor the progress and performance of a project and to control the scope and quality of a system.Reference:CITM Course Outline, Module 4, Corporate IT Strategy, page 9.CITM Training Course, Cost, page 14.CITM Certification Overview, Exam Information, Course Outline, Module 4.

Tangible costs are those that can be easily quantified and measured, such as direct expenses or physical assets. However, in some cases, tangible costs savings can be difficult to estimate because they depend on various factors, such as the expected life cycle of the asset, the depreciation rate, the maintenance costs, the opportunity costs, and the market conditions. For example, if a company invests in a new production machine, the tangible cost savings would be the difference between the cost of the old machine and the cost of the new machine, plus the additional benefits of the new machine, such as higher output, lower energy consumption, and improved quality. However, these benefits may not be easy to measure or predict, especially in the long term. Therefore, tangible costs savings can be difficult to estimate in some cases.Reference:Tangible Cost: Meaning and Difference From Intangible Costs - Investopedia,What Are Tangible Costs? (Plus Why They Matter and Examples) | Indeed.com,Intangible Cost vs. Tangible Cost - What's the Difference? | This vs. That,Project tangible and intangible benefits - Twproject: project management software

When deciding on system alternatives, the IT manager has to consider the following points1:

Technological feasibility: The IT manager has to assess whether the proposed system can be implemented with the available technology, resources, and skills. The IT manager has to evaluate the technical risks, challenges, and benefits of each alternative.

Organizational impact: The IT manager has to analyze how the proposed system will affect the organization's structure, culture, processes, and performance. The IT manager has to consider the stakeholders' needs, expectations, and resistance to change. The IT manager has to ensure that the system aligns with the organization's vision, mission, and goals.

Financial constraints: The IT manager has to estimate the costs and benefits of each alternative, including the initial investment, operating expenses, maintenance costs, and return on investment. The IT manager has to compare the alternatives based on their financial viability and value for money.The IT manager has to secure the necessary funding and budget for the system.Reference:1: EXIN EPI Certified Information Technology Manager, Module 6: IT Project Management, Section 6.3: System Analysis and Design, Page 6-11.

Structured design and object-oriented design are two common approaches to design a system. Structured design is a method of breaking down a system into smaller and simpler modules, which can be independently created and tested. Structured design follows a top-down approach, where the system is divided into sub-systems, and then into modules, until the desired level of detail is reached. Structured design is suitable for systems that have well-defined inputs and outputs, and a clear hierarchy of functions. Object-oriented design is a method of modeling a system as a collection of objects, which have attributes and behaviors. Object-oriented design follows a bottom-up approach, where the system is built from reusable and interchangeable components, called classes. Object-oriented design is suitable for systems that have complex interactions, dynamic behavior, and multiple inheritance. Functional design and organizational design are not considered to design a system, but rather to describe the system's purpose and structure. Functional design is a process of defining the functions and processes that the system performs, and how they relate to each other. Functional design focuses on the what and why of the system, rather than the how. Organizational design is a process of defining the roles and responsibilities of the people and units involved in the system, and how they communicate and coordinate with each other. Organizational design focuses on the who and where of the system, rather than the how.Reference:Structured Design - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics,Object-Oriented Design - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics,Functional Design - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics, [Organizational Design - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics]

Functional design is a design approach that focuses on the functionality and performance of a system, rather than its structure or appearance. Functional design usually begins with specifying the desired output, such as the goals, objectives, and requirements of the system, and then derives the input, processes, and data needed to achieve the output. Functional design can be applied to various types of systems, such as software, hardware, or business processes. Functional design is often contrasted with other design approaches, such as organizational design, object-oriented design, and structured design, which have different emphases and methods.Reference:

System Analysis & Design - System Design1

Process models in design and development2

B .Engineering Design3

A client-server environment is a type of distributed system that divides the application logic into three layers: presentation, application, and data. The presentation layer is responsible for the user interface and interaction, the application layer contains the business logic and functionality, and the data layer manages the storage and retrieval of data.Each layer can run on a different machine or server, allowing for scalability, modularity, and security1234Reference:

1: Client Server Architecture: Types, Examples, & Benefits

2: Client-Server Model - GeeksforGeeks

3: What is Three-Tier Architecture | IBM

4: Figure 1. The Client/Server Computing Environment - IBM

In a multi-user design, one group usually develops the systems for use by another group. This is because different groups of users may have different needs, preferences, and expectations for the system. For example, a system that is designed for the accounting department may not be suitable for the marketing department, or a system that is designed for the managers may not be user-friendly for the employees. Therefore, a multi-user design involves identifying the target users, analyzing their requirements, designing the system accordingly, and testing the system with the users. A multi-user design also requires coordination and communication among the developers and the users, as well as among different user groups, to ensure that the system meets the needs and expectations of all stakeholders.Reference:Multi-User Operating System - GeeksforGeeks;Multiple Group Design: Definition & Examples - Study.com;Chapter 10: Information Systems Development

According to the Certified IT Manager (CITM) course outline, there are nine stages in a systems design life-cycle. They are: 1. Initiation, 2. Concept Development, 3. Planning, 4. Requirements Analysis, 5. Design, 6. Development, 7. Integration and Test, 8. Implementation, and 9. Operations and Maintenance. Each stage has its own objectives, deliverables, and activities that ensure a systematic and effective approach to system development.Reference:CITM Course Outline,System Development Life Cycle - GeeksforGeeks,Systems development life cycle - Wikipedia