CompTIA N10-008 Practice Test - Questions Answers, Page 32

"Using special STP frames known as bridge protocol data units (BPDUs), switches communicate with other switches to prevent loops from happening in the first place. Configuration BPDUs establish the topology, where one switch is elected root bridge and acts as the center of the STP universe. Each switch then uses the root bridge as a reference point to maintain a loop-free topology."

Traffic policing is a mechanism that monitors the traffic in any network and enforces a bandwidth limit by discarding packets that exceed a certain rate1. This can reduce congestion and ensure fair allocation of bandwidth among different applications or users. However, discarding packets can also affect the performance and quality of some applications, especially those that are sensitive to packet loss, such as voice or video.

Traffic shaping is a congestion control mechanism that delays packets that exceed a certain rate instead of discarding them1. This can smooth out traffic bursts and avoid packet loss, but it also introduces latency and jitter. Traffic shaping can be beneficial for applications that can tolerate some delay but not packet loss, such as file transfers or streaming. Traffic marking is a mechanism that assigns different priority levels to packets based on their type, source, destination, or other criteria2. This can help to differentiate between different classes of service and apply different policies or treatments to them. However, traffic marking does not enforce bandwidth limits by itself; it only provides information for other mechanisms to act upon. Traffic classification is a process that identifies and categorizes packets based on their characteristics, such as protocol, port number, payload, or behavior. This can help to distinguish between different types of traffic and apply appropriate policies or actions to them. However, traffic classification does not enforce bandwidth limits by itself; it only provides input for other mechanisms to use.

A service level agreement (SLA) is a document that is used to define uptime commitments from a provider, along with details on measurement and enforcement. An SLA is a contract between a service provider and a customer that outlines the level of service that the provider is committed to providing and the terms under which that service will be delivered.

Confidentiality is the property of preventing unauthorized access or disclosure of data. Encryption is a method of transforming data into an unreadable format that can only be decrypted by authorized parties who have the correct key. Encryption can increase the confidentiality of data communication across the network by making it harder for attackers to intercept or eavesdrop on the data.

Reference: Network+ Study Guide Objective 4.1: Summarize the purposes of physical security devices. Subobjective: Encryption.

OSPF uses a link state routing algorithm and falls into the group of interior routing protocols, operating within a single autonomous system (AS). OSPF is perhaps the most widely used interior gateway protocol (IGP) in large enterprise networks

SSL is a widely used protocol for establishing secure, encrypted connections between devices over the Internet. It is typically used to secure communication between web browsers and servers, and can be easily enabled on a server by installing an SSL certificate.