Scrum PSPO-II Practice Test - Questions Answers, Page 5

A sprint forecast is an estimate of what can be achieved in an upcoming Sprint. During Sprint planning, the team reviews the Product Backlog and selects stories that can be completed in the next Sprint based on the team's velocity and capacity.The forecast is a pragmatic commitment to a realistic amount of work1. The forecast helps the team plan their tasks, prioritize their goals, and set realistic expectations for what they can accomplish during the Sprint.It also helps them to identify any potential risks or issues that could arise during the course of the Sprint2.The forecast is not a guarantee or a promise, but rather a best guess based on the current information and assumptions3.The forecast can be updated during the Sprint as new information emerges or as the team learns from their work4. The forecast is a useful tool for the Product Owner to communicate with the stakeholders about the progress and the value delivered by the team.

According to the Scrum Guide, the Scrum Team consists of one Scrum Master, one Product Owner, and Developers. There is no distinction between different types of Developers, such as testers, programmers, designers, etc. The Developers are the people who deliver a potentially releasable Increment of ''Done'' product at the end of each Sprint.They are accountable for creating and adhering to the Definition of Done, ensuring technical excellence and good design, and collaborating with the Product Owner to maximize value1. Therefore, everyone on the Scrum Team is responsible for ensuring the quality of the product, and there is no specific tester role. However, this does not mean that testing skills are not needed or valued.On the contrary, testing is an essential activity that supports the team and critiques the product throughout the development process2.A professional tester can contribute to the Scrum Team by coaching the team on testing techniques, tools, and practices, helping the team to define clear and unambiguous acceptance criteria, challenging the team to consider different scenarios and edge cases, creating and executing test plans, and providing feedback on the product's usability, performance, security, and other aspects3. A professional tester can also collaborate with the Product Owner to ensure that the product meets the expectations and needs of the stakeholders and users.

According to the Professional Scrum Product Owner II guide, one of the key competencies of a Product Owner is to validate product assumptions and hypotheses using empirical evidence1.This means that instead of investing a lot of money and time into building a product based on unproven ideas, the Product Owner should conduct small experiments to test the viability, desirability, and feasibility of the product2. These experiments can take various forms, such as prototypes, mockups, surveys, interviews, landing pages, etc.The goal is to gather feedback from real or potential users and customers, and measure the outcomes against predefined success criteria3.Based on the results of the experiments, the Product Owner can then decide whether to persevere, pivot, or terminate the product idea4. This approach helps to reduce the risk of wasting resources on products that nobody wants or needs, and to focus on the most valuable and promising ideas.

Unrealized Value is the value that could be realized by meeting all potential needs of the customer or user1. It represents the opportunity for growth and innovation. When the Unrealized Value of a product is very small, it means that the product has reached a saturation point in the market, and there is little room for improvement or differentiation.Investing more in such a product would not yield much return, and might even cannibalize the Current Value of the product, which is the value delivered to the customer or user today1.Therefore, organizations should reduce their investment in a product when its Unrealized Value is very small, and focus on other products or opportunities that have higher Unrealized Value

According to the PSPO II resources, a product with high current value and low unrealized value is in theharveststage of the product lifecycle1. This means that the product has reached its peak and is facing increasing competition and decreasing customer demand. The best strategy for this stage is tomaintainthe product quality and customer satisfaction, butreducethe investment in new features or enhancements.The product owner shouldseekother opportunities for future growth, such as developing new products or exploring new markets23.Reference:

1:Product Lifecycle Management

2:Product Strategy

3:Evidence-Based Management

The Sprint Backlog is the set of Product Backlog items selected for the Sprint, plus a plan for delivering the product Increment and realizing the Sprint Goal1.The Sprint Backlog is a forecast by the Developers about what functionality will be in the next Increment and the work needed to deliver that functionality into a ''Done'' Increment2.The Sprint Backlog is a plan with enough detail that changes in progress can be understood in the Daily Scrum2. The Developers modify the Sprint Backlog throughout the Sprint, and the Sprint Backlog emerges during the Sprint.This emergence occurs as the Developers work through the plan and learn more about the work needed to achieve the Sprint Goal2.The Sprint Backlog is not a commitment to deliver a fixed scope of work, but rather a forecast of what the Developers believe they can do in the Sprint3.Therefore, the Sprint Backlog does not need to be fully defined during the Sprint Planning, but only enough so the Developers can create a realistic forecast of what they can do during the Sprint.Reference:1: Sprint Backlog,2: The Scrum Guide,3: Commitment vs. Forecast

The Product Owner is accountable for maximizing the value of the product resulting from the work of the Scrum Team. They are also accountable for effective Product Backlog management, which includes clearly expressing Product Backlog items, ordering them to best achieve goals and missions, ensuring that the Product Backlog is transparent, visible and understood. The Product Owner may do the above work or may delegate the responsibility to others.However, the Product Owner remains accountable1.

When working with multiple Scrum Teams on the same product, the Product Owner should ensure that there is a shared understanding of the Product Goal among all the teams and stakeholders. The Product Goal is the long-term objective for the Scrum Team.They must fulfill (or abandon) one objective before taking on the next2. The Product Owner should also collaborate with the Developers to create and refine Product Backlog items that are valuable, feasible, and testable.The Developers are accountable for creating a plan for the Sprint, the Sprint Backlog1. The Product Owner should trust the Developers to self-organize and deliver the most valuable increments possible.

The other options are not recommended strategies for the Product Owner, as they may introduce unnecessary complexity, confusion, and waste. Adding component team Product Owners, enlisting the Program Management Office, or assigning sub-Product Owners may create silos, dependencies, and conflicts among the teams and stakeholders. These roles may also undermine the authority and accountability of the Product Owner, and reduce the transparency and alignment of the Product Backlog.The Product Owner should work with the Scrum Master and the Developers to find ways to optimize the value delivery and collaboration across the teams, rather than creating intermediaries or proxies34.Reference:1:Scrum Guide2:Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework3:Managing Products with Agility4:Evolving the Agile Organization

Product Backlog refinement is an ongoing activity that can occur at any time during a Sprint, as needed. The Product Owner and Developers collaborate on this task, ideally in advance of the upcoming Sprint to ensure clarity and readiness of the work . If refinement has not been done in preceding Sprints, it should be done in the current Sprint to maintain the flow of valuable work (E).This approach is consistent with the Scrum principle of continuous improvement and the iterative, incremental nature of Scrum12.