Scrum PSPO-I Practice Test - Questions Answers, Page 6

Scrum is a framework for developing, delivering, and sustaining complex products. Scrum defines three roles: the Product Owner, the Scrum Master, and the Developers. Scrum does not have any other roles or titles, such as "tester", "analyst", "designer", or "architect".

The Developers are the people in the Scrum Team who are accountable for creating a "Done" Increment that meets the Definition of Done each Sprint. The Developers are responsible for planning and executing the Sprint Backlog, designing and building the product functionality, testing and improving the product quality, and delivering a potentially releasable Increment. The Developers work closely with the Product Owner to understand and clarify the Product Backlog items, provide feedback and estimates, and suggest improvements and innovations.

The Developers are responsible for quality, not just for programming. Quality is not something that can be added or verified after the product is built. Quality is something that must be built into the product from the start, by following good practices, standards, and principles. Quality is also something that must be inspected and adapted continuously, by applying feedback loops, testing methods, and improvement actions.

The Developers are not divided into sub-teams or sub-roles based on their skills or specialties. The Developers are a cross-functional and self-organizing team that has all the skills and capabilities needed to create a valuable product Increment. The Developers collaborate and coordinate their work as one unit, without any hand-offs or silos.

The Developers may have different backgrounds or expertise, such as testing, analysis, design, or architecture. However, these are not separate roles or responsibilities in Scrum. They are part of the collective accountability and responsibility of the Developers as a whole. The Developers may perform different tasks or activities based on their skills or preferences, but they are all equally responsible for delivering a high-quality product Increment.

Scrum Guide: https://www.scrumguides.org/scrum-guide.html

Developers: https://www.scrum.org/resources/what-is-a-developer-in-scrum

Quality: https://www.scrum.org/resources/blog/quality-scrum-value

An Increment is a concrete stepping stone toward the product vision. It is the sum of all the Product Backlog items completed during a Sprint and the value of the increments of all previous Sprints. At the end of a Sprint, the new Increment must be "Done", which means it meets the Definition of Done and is usable.

The Scrum Team decides when and how to release an Increment to customers or users. The Product Owner is responsible for maximizing the value of the product and the work of the Developers, and may decide to release an Increment at any time during or after a Sprint. The Developers are responsible for creating a potentially releasable Increment each Sprint, and may collaborate with the Product Owner and the stakeholders to determine the best way to deliver value.

Releasing an Increment to customers or users is not mandatory at the end of each Sprint. The Scrum Team may choose to release an Increment more or less frequently, depending on the product goals, market conditions, customer feedback, or technical feasibility. However, releasing an Increment regularly can provide many benefits, such as:

Validating assumptions and hypotheses about the product value and quality.

Obtaining feedback and data from real users and customers.

Increasing customer satisfaction and loyalty.

Reducing risks and uncertainties.

Improving transparency and collaboration.

Scrum Guide: https://www.scrumguides.org/scrum-guide.html

Increment: https://www.scrum.org/resources/what-is-an-increment

Releasing Value: https://www.scrum.org/resources/blog/releasing-value

The Developers are the people in the Scrum Team who are accountable for creating a "Done" Increment that meets the Definition of Done each Sprint. The Developers are responsible for planning and executing the Sprint Backlog, designing and building the product functionality, testing and improving the product quality, and delivering a potentially releasable Increment. The Developers work closely with the Product Owner to understand and clarify the Product Backlog items, provide feedback and estimates, and suggest improvements and innovations.

The Definition of Done is a formal description of the state of the Increment when it meets the quality measures required for the product. The Definition of Done is used to assess when work is complete on the product Increment.

The amount of work required of the Developers to complete a Product Backlog item selected during the Sprint Planning depends on the Definition of Done. The Definition of Done may vary from one Scrum Team to another, depending on the context and domain of work. However, it must be consistent within one team. If there are multiple Scrum Teams working on one product, they must share a common Definition of Done. If there is an organizational standard for a Definition of Done, all Scrum Teams must follow it as a minimum.

The Developers must ensure that each Product Backlog item they complete during a Sprint meets the Definition of Done. This means that they must perform all the necessary tasks and activities to deliver a high-quality product functionality that is usable, valuable, and potentially releasable. This may include analysis, design, development, testing, documentation, integration, deployment, or any other aspects that contribute to the quality and usability of the product.

The other options are not valid or relevant measures for the amount of work required of the Developers to complete a Product Backlog item. They are either too vague, arbitrary, or unrealistic. They are:

As much as they can fit into the Sprint, with remaining work deferred to the next Sprint: This is a too vague and unrealistic measure for the amount of work required of the Developers. It does not account for the quality or value of the product functionality delivered. It also does not respect the timebox or scope of the Sprint. It may lead to incomplete or unfinished work, technical debt, or scope creep.

All development work and at least some testing: This is a too arbitrary and insufficient measure for the amount of work required of the Developers. It does not account for the quality or value of the product functionality delivered. It also does not respect the Definition of Done or the potentially releasable nature of the Increment. It may lead to low-quality or unusable work, defects, or rework.

A proportional amount of time on analysis, design, development, and testing: This is a too restrictive and prescriptive measure for the amount of work required of the Developers. It does not account for the complexity or variability of the product functionality delivered. It also does not respect the self-organization or cross-functionality of the Developers. It may lead to over-engineering or waste.

Scrum Guide: https://www.scrumguides.org/scrum-guide.html

Definition of Done: https://www.scrum.org/resources/what-is-a-definition-of-done

Developers: https://www.scrum.org/resources/what-is-a-developer-in-scrum

The length of a Sprint is the timebox within which the Scrum Team creates a potentially releasable product Increment. The Sprint is a container for all the other Scrum events, such as the Sprint Planning, the Daily Scrum, the Sprint Review, and the Sprint Retrospective. The Sprint is also a feedback loop that allows the Scrum Team and the stakeholders to inspect and adapt the product and the process.

The length of a Sprint should be no more than one calendar month. This is the maximum duration allowed by Scrum, as longer Sprints can increase the complexity and risk of the product development. Longer Sprints can also reduce the agility and responsiveness of the Scrum Team to changing customer needs and market conditions.

The length of a Sprint should also be short enough to keep the business risk acceptable to the Product Owner. The Product Owner is accountable for maximizing the value of the product resulting from the work of the Scrum Team. The Product Owner is responsible for managing and refining the Product Backlog, collaborating with the stakeholders and the Developers, and ordering the items in a way that best achieves goals and missions. The Product Owner represents the interests of everyone with a stake in the product and ensures that the Scrum Team works on the right things at the right time. The length of a Sprint affects how frequently and effectively the Product Owner can validate, verify, and deliver value to the customers and users.

The length of a Sprint should also be short enough to be able to synchronize the development work with other business events. The Scrum Team operates within a broader organizational context that may have other events, cycles, or deadlines that affect or depend on product development. For example, there may be marketing campaigns, sales promotions, regulatory compliance, or contractual obligations that require coordination and alignment with the product delivery. The length of a Sprint affects how well and timely the Scrum Team can synchronize their work with these other business events.

Scrum Guide: https://www.scrumguides.org/scrum-guide.html

Sprint: https://www.scrum.org/resources/what-is-a-sprint-in-scrum

Product Owner: https://www.scrum.org/resources/what-is-a-product-owner

The Product Backlog is an ordered list of everything that is known to be needed in the product. It is the single source of truth for the Scrum Team and the stakeholders. It contains all the requirements, features, functions, enhancements, fixes, and anything else that can deliver value to the customers and users of the product.

The Product Owner is accountable for ordering the Product Backlog. The Product Owner orders the items in the Product Backlog based on factors such as value, risk, priority, dependency, feedback, or market conditions. The order of the Product Backlog items provides a clear and consistent indication of what is most important and urgent for the product. The order of the Product Backlog items also helps the Scrum Team and the stakeholders to plan and forecast effectively.

The tools and techniques used to create, manage, or refine the Product Backlog are not a valid consideration when ordering the Product Backlog. The tools and techniques are means to an end, not an end in themselves. The tools and techniques do not affect the value or quality of the product or service delivered. The tools and techniques may vary from one Product Owner to another, depending on their preferences, skills, or context. The tools and techniques may also change over time, as new technologies or practices emerge or evolve.

Scrum Guide: https://www.scrumguides.org/scrum-guide.html

Product Backlog: https://www.scrum.org/resources/what-is-a-product-backlog

Product Owner: https://www.scrum.org/resources/what-is-a-product-owner

The Sprint Goal is a short statement of what the Scrum Team intends to achieve during a Sprint. It provides guidance and direction for the Scrum Team, as well as a basis for inspecting and adapting the product and the process. The Sprint Goal is aligned with the product vision and goals, and it reflects the value and purpose of the Sprint.

The Product Owner is accountable for maximizing the value of the product resulting from the work of the Scrum Team. The Product Owner is responsible for managing and refining the Product Backlog, collaborating with the stakeholders and the Developers, and ordering the items in a way that best achieves goals and missions. The Product Owner represents the interests of everyone with a stake in the product and ensures that the Scrum Team works on the right things at the right time.

The Developers are accountable for creating a "Done" Increment that meets the Definition of Done each Sprint. The Developers are responsible for planning and executing the Sprint Backlog, designing and building the product functionality, testing and improving the product quality, and delivering a potentially releasable Increment. The Developers work closely with the Product Owner to understand and clarify the Product Backlog items, provide feedback and estimates, and suggest improvements and innovations.

The Sprint Planning is an event that occurs at the beginning of each Sprint, where the Scrum Team plans how to deliver a valuable product Increment. The Sprint Planning consists of two topics: What can be done this Sprint? and How will the chosen work get done? The outcome of the Sprint Planning is an agreed-upon Sprint Goal, a Sprint Backlog, and a plan for delivering the Increment.

The responsibility of crafting the Sprint Goal is shared by both the Product Owner and the Developers. The Product Owner should come to Sprint Planning with a business objective in mind, based on their understanding of the product vision, goals, value proposition, stakeholder feedback, market conditions, or other relevant factors. The Product Owner should propose how this objective can be achieved by selecting some Product Backlog items that can deliver value to customers or users. The Developers should collaborate with the Product Owner to craft a clear and concise Sprint Goal that expresses what they want to accomplish as a team during this Sprint. The Developers should also ensure that they have enough capacity and skills to deliver on this Sprint Goal.

Scrum Guide: https://www.scrumguides.org/scrum-guide.html

Sprint Goal: https://www.scrum.org/resources/what-is-a-sprint-goal

Product Owner: https://www.scrum.org/resources/what-is-a-product-owner

Developers: https://www.scrum.org/resources/what-is-a-developer-in-scrum

Sprint Planning: https://www.scrum.org/resources/what-is-sprint-planning

The Sprint Review is an event that occurs at the end of each Sprint, where the Scrum Team and the stakeholders inspect the Increment and adapt the Product Backlog if needed. The Sprint Review is an opportunity for the Product Owner to validate that the Increment meets their expectations and delivers value to the customers and users. The Sprint Review is also an opportunity for the Developers to demonstrate their work and receive feedback from the Product Owner and the stakeholders.

Stakeholders are people external to the Scrum Team who have a stake or interest in the product, such as customers, users, sponsors, managers, or other teams. Stakeholders provide valuable input, feedback, and insights to the Scrum Team regarding the product vision, goals, value proposition, requirements, features, functions, quality, usability, or market conditions.

Collecting stakeholder feedback is one of the main purposes of the Sprint Review. Stakeholder feedback can help the Scrum Team to:

Assess the value and quality of the product Increment and identify any gaps or issues that need to be addressed.

Understand the needs and expectations of the customers and users and discover new opportunities or ideas for improvement or innovation.

Align and collaborate with the stakeholders on the product direction and priorities and ensure transparency and trust.

Adapt the Product Backlog based on the feedback and data and plan for the next Sprint.

Scrum Guide: https://www.scrumguides.org/scrum-guide.html

Sprint Review: https://www.scrum.org/resources/what-is-a-sprint-review

Stakeholders: https://www.agilealliance.org/glossary/stakeholders

The Product Owner is accountable for maximizing the value of the product resulting from the work of the Scrum Team. The Product Owner is responsible for managing and refining the Product Backlog, collaborating with the stakeholders and the Developers, and ordering the items in a way that best achieves goals and missions. The Product Owner represents the interests of everyone with a stake in the product and ensures that the Scrum Team works on the right things at the right time.

A Sprint is a timebox of one month or less within which a "Done" product Increment is created. A Sprint consists of the Sprint Planning, Daily Scrums, the development work, the Sprint Review, and the Sprint Retrospective. A Sprint is also a feedback loop that allows the Scrum Team and the stakeholders to inspect and adapt the product and the process.

During a Sprint, a Product Owner is typically responsible for:

Collaborating with stakeholders, users, and customers: The Product Owner engages in frequent and regular interactions with the people who have a stake or interest in the product, such as customers, users, sponsors, managers, or other teams. The Product Owner solicits and incorporates their input, feedback, and insights to understand their needs and expectations, discover new opportunities or ideas, align and collaborate on the product direction and priorities, and validate and deliver value to them.

Working with the Scrum Team on Product Backlog refinement: The Product Owner works closely with the Developers to clarify, refine, and review the Product Backlog items and their acceptance criteria. The Product Owner provides clear and concise descriptions of what is needed and why it is valuable for each Product Backlog item. The Product Owner also empowers and trusts the Developers to make technical decisions and trade-offs that best meet the product goals and quality standards. The Product Owner also involves key stakeholders in defining and prioritizing the Product Backlog items and their acceptance criteria.

The other options are not valid or relevant responsibilities of a Product Owner during a Sprint. They are either too administrative, micromanaging, or unrelated to the product value delivery. They are:

Creating financial reporting upon the spent hours reported by the Developers: This is not a responsibility of a Product Owner during a Sprint. This is an administrative task that does not contribute to the value or quality of the product or service delivered. It may also create unnecessary overhead or bureaucracy for the Developers. The Product Owner should focus on maximizing value rather than tracking hours.

Updating the work plan for the Developers on a daily basis: This is not a responsibility of a Product Owner during a Sprint. This is a micromanaging task that does not respect the self-organization or cross-functionality of the Developers. The Developers are responsible for planning and executing their own work during a Sprint, based on their empirical experience and collaboration. The Developers also update their progress daily during the Daily Scrum event.

Nothing: This is not a valid answer for a Product Owner's responsibility during a Sprint. A Product Owner has many important responsibilities during a Sprint, as mentioned above. A Product Owner should be actively involved in collaborating with stakeholders, users, customers, and Developers throughout a Sprint to maximize value delivery.

Attending every Daily Scrum to answer questions about the Sprint Backlog items: This is not a mandatory responsibility of a Product Owner during a Sprint. The Daily Scrum is an event for the Developers to inspect their progress toward the Sprint Goal and adapt their plan for the next 24 hours. The Daily Scrum is not a status meeting or a reporting session for anyone else. The Product Owner may attend the Daily Scrum as an observer or as an invited participant if they have something valuable to contribute or if they need some clarification from the Developers.

Scrum Guide: https://www.scrumguides.org/scrum-guide.html

Product Owner: https://www.scrum.org/resources/what-is-a-product-owner

Sprint: https://www.scrum.org/resources/what-is-a-sprint-in-scrum

Stakeholders: https://www.agilealliance.org/glossary/stakeholders

Daily Scrum: https://www.scrum.org/resources/what-is-a-daily-scrum

The Product Backlog is an ordered list of everything that is known to be needed in the product. It is the single source of truth for the Scrum Team and the stakeholders. It contains all the requirements, features, functions, enhancements, fixes, and anything else that can deliver value to the customers and users of the product.

The Product Owner is accountable for managing and refining the Product Backlog, collaborating with the stakeholders and the Developers, and ordering the items in a way that best achieves goals and missions. The Product Owner represents the interests of everyone with a stake in the product and ensures that the Scrum Team works on the right things at the right time.

The Developers are accountable for creating a "Done" Increment that meets the Definition of Done each Sprint. The Developers are responsible for planning and executing the Sprint Backlog, designing and building the product functionality, testing and improving the product quality, and delivering a potentially releasable Increment. The Developers work closely with the Product Owner to understand and clarify the Product Backlog items, provide feedback and estimates, and suggest improvements and innovations.

All planned work for the Product done by the Scrum Team must originate from the Product Backlog. The Scrum Team does not work on anything that is not in the Product Backlog. The Scrum Team does not add or remove anything from the Product Backlog without consulting with the Product Owner. The Scrum Team does not accept or implement any requests or changes that are not in the Product Backlog. The Scrum Team does not create any other artifacts or documents that are not derived from or related to the Product Backlog.

Scrum Guide: https://www.scrumguides.org/scrum-guide.html

Product Backlog: https://www.scrum.org/resources/what-is-a-product-backlog

Product Owner: https://www.scrum.org/resources/what-is-a-product-owner

Developers: https://www.scrum.org/resources/what-is-a-developer-in-scrum